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19 September 2007 TOPS: a small space telescope using phase induced-amplitude apodization (PIAA) to image rocky and giant exo-planets
Olivier Guyon, James R. P. Angel, Charles Bowers, James Burge, Adam Burrows, Johanan Codona, Thomas Greene, Masanori Iye, James Kasting, Hubert Martin, Donald W. McCarthy Jr., Victoria Meadows, Michael Meyer, Eugene A. Pluzhnik, Norman Sleep, Motohide Tamura, Domenick Tenerelli, Robert Vanderbei, Bruce Woodgate, Robert A. Woodruff, Neville J. Woolf
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Proceedings Volume 6693, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III; 66930J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.735160
Event: Optical Engineering + Applications, 2007, San Diego, California, United States
Abstract
The Telescope to Observe Planetary Systems (TOPS) is a proposed space mission to image planetary systems of nearby stars simultaneously in a few wide spectral bands covering the visible light (0.4-0.9 μm). It achieves its power by combining a high accuracy wavefront control system with a highly efficient Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph which provides strong suppression very close to the star (within 2 λ/D). The PIAA coronagraphic technique opens the possibility of imaging Earthlike planets in visible light with a smaller telescope than previously supposed. If sized at 1.2-m, TOPS would image and characterize many Jupiter-sized planets, and discover 2 RE rocky planets within habitable zones of the ≈10 most favorable stars. With a larger 2-m aperture, TOPS would have the sensitivity to reveal Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around ≈20 stars, and to characterize any found with low resolution spectroscopy. Unless the occurrence of Earth-like planets is very low (η⊕ <~ 0.2), a useful fraction of the TPF-C scientific program would be possible with aperture much smaller than the baselined 8 by 3.5m for TPF, with its more conventional coronagraph. An ongoing laboratory experiment has successfully demonstrated high contrast coronagraphic imaging within 2 λ/d with the PIAA coronagraph / focal plane wavefront sensing scheme envisioned for TOPS.
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Olivier Guyon, James R. P. Angel, Charles Bowers, James Burge, Adam Burrows, Johanan Codona, Thomas Greene, Masanori Iye, James Kasting, Hubert Martin, Donald W. McCarthy Jr., Victoria Meadows, Michael Meyer, Eugene A. Pluzhnik, Norman Sleep, Motohide Tamura, Domenick Tenerelli, Robert Vanderbei, Bruce Woodgate, Robert A. Woodruff, and Neville J. Woolf "TOPS: a small space telescope using phase induced-amplitude apodization (PIAA) to image rocky and giant exo-planets", Proc. SPIE 6693, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III, 66930J (19 September 2007); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.735160
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KEYWORDS
Coronagraphy
Planets
Telescopes
Wavefronts
Stars
Apodization
Mirrors
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