Applying image-guidance to an electronically-controlled surgical drill can prevent damage to patients' anatomy during
resection. A system is presented that disables the drill when it nears pre-defined critical patient anatomy. The system
consists of a tracking system, image-guidance software, and drill-control circuit. The software was developed in C++
with the help of the Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit, and was designed to track tools based on input from a
MicronTracker (Claron Tech, Toronto, Ontario) tracking system. The system registers physical to image space using
fiducial markers rigidly attached to the patient, tracks the drill, and automatically disables the drill when close to
restricted regions. A coordinate reference frame is used for all physical acquisitions. Visual feedback of the tool's
position in image space is provided during tracking. Two tests were performed to determine the feasibility of the system.
Virtual restricted regions were defined inside a phantom, and an operator attempted to drill the phantom with the help of
the application. No feedback was provided to the user except for the automatic disablement of the drill by the application
when close to a restricted region. In the first test, the drill was disabled at 0.74 ± 0.46 mm from the restricted region and
entered 5.3% of the surface area of the restricted region. In the second test, the drill was disabled 1.3 ± 0.69 mm from the
restricted region and entered the restricted region 8.5% of the time. We conclude that the system shows promise and
further testing should be conducted.
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