Ms. Anne-Lise Fabre Profile

Anne-Lise Fabre

at CEA-LETI

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Proceedings Article | 24 March 2006 Paper

CD-AFM versus CD-SEM for resist LER and LWR measurements

J. Foucher, A. Fabre, P. Gautier

Proceedings Volume 6152, 61520V (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.659008

KEYWORDS: Line edge roughness, Line width roughness, Atomic force microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Critical dimension metrology, 3D metrology, Metrology, Semiconductors, Transistors, Silicon

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As Critical Dimensions (CD) for semiconductor devices shrink to few tens of nanometers, the Line Edge Roughness (LER) or Line Width Roughness (LWR) becomes a critical issue because it can degrade resolution and linewidth accuracy [1] and causes fluctuations of transistors performances [2-8]. LER is currently calculated with top-view SEM images [9-10]. However, these values do not take into account the sidewall variation along the height of the feature (feature's geometry). Therefore, roughness information might get lost. In addition several issues impact the roughness measurement accuracy for example: blooming effect, resist slimming, algorithm used (...). Alternatively, the last generation of CD-AFM, [11,12] has been developed to measure pattern in three dimensions with a dynamic repeatability of around 1nm (3σ). By smartly tuning AFM parameters and choosing suitable AFM tips, CD, LER and LWR of both isolated lines and dense line are measured as a function of the position on the feature. This metrology technique can be used on a large range of materials: photoresist, silicon oxide and poly-silicon, without any pattern damage. Hence, it enables to fully characterize the evolution of the sidewall roughness after each technological step of a typical device fabrication. In this paper we will compare CD-SEM and CD-AFM techniques as a mean to measure LER and LWR on real resist structures and hard-mask structures (SiO₂) that show significant variations due to different chemical compositions or processes conditions. In order to well understand the limitations of each technique, we have generated and mixed various roughness amplitudes with various feature's shapes (different top rounding, sidewall angle...). Depending on the technique and feature's shapes, the roughness measurements trends are different which can lead to wrong process tuning and therefore degrade device performances at the end.

Proceedings Article | 24 March 2006 Paper

Landing energy influence on CD-SEM measurement precision and accuracy

Anne-Lise Fabre, Johann Foucher, M. Poulingue, P. Fabre, Ganesh Sundaram

Proceedings Volume 6152, 61524J (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.660267

KEYWORDS: Atomic force microscopy, Precision measurement, Critical dimension metrology, Semiconducting wafers, Lithography, Metrology, Scanning electron microscopy, Resolution enhancement technologies, Electron beams, Cadmium

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The rapid evolution of lithography to finer features has forced resist vendors to develop new resist chemical compositions in order to fulfill lithography and metrology requirements. However, an unintended consequence of these formulations has been the resists' sensitivity to electron beam radiation. While many studies have been conducted in describing resist slimming seen during CD-SEM measurements[1-5], in this paper we not only investigate the influence of measurement acquisition parameters - especially landing energy, probe current, and acquisition time on the accuracy of the measurement, we also explore the effect of these parameters on the precision. The measurements were performed on a CD-SEM with Ultra Low Voltage (ULV) capabilities. Reference measurements were performed using a CD-AFM, and serve as the basis for the accuracy measurements. Additionally the CD precision results are described in terms of the CDU metric, which provides a method of evaluating the tool contribution to the precision, when the measured features change from measurement to measurement.

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