Augmented reality glasses have been considered a promising candidate for next-generation mobile hardware platforms. However, the bulky form factor and high-power consumption of their display systems using conventional optical components hinder the commercialization of augmented reality glasses. In this work, we demonstrate metasurface-based waveguide as an image combiner having high efficiency and large field of view. To design the metasurface-based waveguide consists of metasurface grating we propose an inverse design method based on gradient-descent optimization. In addition, our design method exploiting high degrees of freedom in meta-atom design can precisely control wave propagation through waveguides, enabling two-dimensional pupil expansion. As proof of concept, we fabricated metasurface-based waveguide providing a high efficiency of 500nit/lm and a large field of view of 50 degrees. We expect that the proposed metasurface-based waveguide opens up a new route for the development of augmented reality display systems with glass-like form factors suitable for daily wear.
Advancements in micro/nanofabrication have enabled the realization of practical micro/nanoscale photonic devices such as absorbers, solar cells, metalenses, and metaholograms. Although the performance of these photonic devices has been improved by enhancing the design flexibility of structural materials through advanced fabrication methods, achieving large-area and high-throughput fabrication of tiny structural materials remains a challenge. In this aspect, various technologies have been investigated for realizing the mass production of practical devices consisting of micro/nanostructural materials. This review describes the recent advancements in soft lithography, colloidal self-assembly, and block copolymer self-assembly, which are promising methods suitable for commercialization of photonic applications. In addition, we introduce low-cost and large-scale techniques realizing micro/nano devices with specific examples such as display technology and sensors. The inferences presented in this review are expected to function as a guide for promising methods of accelerating the mass production of various sub-wavelength-scale photonic devices.
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