We have recorded 1TeraByte of data in 200 layers in the volume of one DVD-like two-photon 3D disks. Each layer
contains 5GBytes of data, equal to single layer DVD capacity. The results obtained with our high-performance 1.0NA
objective lens show a full disk recording of 1 TByte within a standard optical disk form factor of 120mm × 1.2mm thick
utilizing our very stable and efficient materials. Very high sensitivity materials are used to store information with bit
energies as low as 250pJ/bit. Materials sensitive at 405nm are been tested by recording with 405nm Nichia laser diodes.
Results show that bit dimensions are further reduced enabling future recordings at 5TByte disk capacities by recording
25GBytes/layer, the equivalent of a Blu-ray disk capacity per layer.
253GB have been recorded in one of our two-photon 3-d disks. Experiments indicate a
roadmap of full disk recordings from 0.5 to 1TB utilizing our very stable and efficient materials and new
high-performance objective lens.
The materials used as media for volumetric storage by means of two photon absorption processes have been studied. The spectroscopic properties, transient spectra and kinetics of several composite molecules are described. The media consist of a photo-chromic moiety that is chemically bonded to a strongly fluorescing dye. Experimental data presented here show that this composite molecule performs as a write/read/erase molecular optical storage medium with non-destructive read-out. The optical head used to record and access the stored information is also depicted.
Advances in healthcare imaging products and multimedia entertainment systems are demanding higher media capacity (TB/disk) and faster data transfer speeds (lGb/s) from future removable disk based data storage systems. One promising direction to satisfy these requirements with low cost systems is the use of optical volumetric multi-layer disk media. At Call/Recall we have demonstrated the scalability of two-photon recordable photochromic doped polymeric Write Once Read Many (WORM) disk media to more than 1 00 layers with negligible interlayer crosstalk and excellent stability of the written bits"2'3'4'5'6. The media employed in our WORM system, consist ofphotochromic organic molecules designed and synthesized so that they change their structure, upon excitation at the absorption band of the molecule5'7'8'9'. A spot is written in the volume of the medium only at points of temporal and spatial intersection of two photons with sufficient energy to record by altering the structure of the photochromic molecule. A high power short pulse laser beam is tightly focused for recording. Recording occurs only within a small volume around the focus of the laser beam due to twophoton absorption. The recording response ofthe material follows the square ofthe optical system point spread ftinction (PSF) resulting in a recorded bit size that is 30% less than the Rayleigh criterion PSF. The recorded bits are read by fluorescence when excited by suitable optical radiation absorbed within the written spot volume. The doped polymer media is low cost, flexibly shaped and molded, and its properties may be customized (by changing the dopant molecules) to match evolving application and technology requirements. We had previously reported bit dimensions of 0.5 x0.5x4.5jim 2 withNA 0.75 and 532nm wavelength exhibiting raw bit-error rates (BER) of iO'. Here we show a ftjrther decrease in the bit size to 0.4 x 0.4 x 2jtm with a higher NA1 .4 objective lens at 532nm wavelength, resulting in ultra high density volumetric disk recording using up to 100 layers and providing a potential for 400bits4im2 "effective area! density". This paper discusses the theory and approach as well as experimental results we used and obtained to demonstrate the feasibility of high NA recording of volumetric multilayer disks by two photon absorption.
We report playback performance results of volumetric optical data storage disks that are made from a new class of light-absorbing (photo-chromic) compounds. The disks are first exposed to a simulated space environment. In order to simulate the space environment, a vacuum oven bakes the disks for certain amount of time at a designated temperature. Test results in this temperature study are fit into an Arrhenius model. Disks are also exposed to radiation doses similar to those found in a space environment. Disks fail in high temperature and large proton-dose conditions. Heavy ions do not cause significant disks failure. The prevention of disk failure due to harsh space environments is also discussed.
Volumetric media have great potential for meeting future optical data storage demands, but homogeneous media lack internal features for tracking. A novel method of tracking inside homogeneous media is described that uses external reference tracks attached to the media. Several possible configurations for implementing the "slave-servo" concept are described and compared. An optical design for the most promising configuration is presented. This desing utilizes a diffractive optical element for dispersion compensation. Modeling describes the limits of device performance and alignment. Early prototype results are presented.
Current performance in two-photon WORM volumetric write once read many data storage systems is presented and future directions discussed. Influence of numerical aperture in a 3-D multi-layer optical data storage system is analyzed.
To achieve very high data rates in 3-D multilayer optical data storage systems, a novel approach is investigated to read out in parallel multiple tracks at different layers simultaneously. Data bits at different layers are arranged as titled data pages inside the disk. A uniform optical beam sheet is generated to illuminate the desired data page from the top of the disk, and a depth transfer imaging system is used to collect the fluorescence of the written bits within the data page to a detector array. The performance of the illumination optics has been experimentally evaluated and optimized by aberration compensation and equalization of irradiance distribution on the entire data page. Other important factors including reflection loss, sensitivity to disk quality, and servo requirements of disk wobbling are analyzed.
A spherical aberration compensation technique for 2-photon monolithic multilayer material is used experimentally for both recording and readout. A Keplerian conjugate compensator system is used.
KEYWORDS: Electronic filtering, Optical filters, Spatial frequencies, Data storage, Sensors, Interference (communication), Objectives, X band, Optical storage, Signal to noise ratio
The basic instrument used for optical data storage is a scanning laser microscope. Each device contains a beam from a laser diode that is collimated, shaped and focused with an objective lens to produce a microscopic spot on the recording media. The reflected light is collected by the objective lens and directed to data and servo detectors with a beam splitter. Data density on the storage medium is primarily defined by the size and shape of the focused laser beam used to scan the data. Several interesting techniques have been used to shape the focused spot in a way that decreases the primary feature of the spot, thus increasing density. For example, both amplitude and phase filters have been used to decrease the central lobe, at the expense of increased sidelobe levels. Effects of the sidelobes can be minimized with special electronic circuits. The configuration of the readout optics also can influence density. That is, optical filters can be placed in the collection pupil to improve the system transfer function. When combined with electronic shaping circuits, the optical filters significantly improve device performance. This paper reviews the techniques used for beam shaping in optical data storage with an explanation of each technique and its success or failure.
A high-power vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is described that can emit over 40 mW in pulsed operation at 780 nm. The mode structure of the device is unusual, in that only the HE31 mode lazes over a broad environment of mechanical and thermal conditions. The stable mode structure suggests that this laser may be used in an optical system like those used in optical data storage, which demand diffraction-limited performance. However, the laser mode cannot be used directly in a classical optical system due to its ring amplitude and periodic phase properties. In this paper, we discuss potential beam-shaping techniques that can be used to overcome these limitations. For example, a simple phase mask can be used to eliminate the periodic phase properties. Optical systems for focusing the shaped laser light are also discussed.
Monolithic multi-layer optical disks have been recorded with single-beam two-photon absorption using a high-repetition- rate laser. The recorded bit shape and signal readout will be discussed. It will also present some initial experimental results in cross talk and signal quality measurements.
Testing of servo error signal detection technique for 2- photon recorded monolithic multilayer material is investigated. A standard CD voice-coil actuator follows a fluorescent track.
KEYWORDS: Luminescence, 3D optical data storage, Absorption, Data storage, Sensors, Spatial light modulators, Objectives, Signal detection, Laser systems engineering, Modulation
Two-photon 3D optical data storage techniques can achieve hundreds of GB data capacity per disk by storing data in multi-layer volumetric media. This approach can also provide fast data transfer rates by using parallel access techniques. It is a promising solution for the high data capacity demands in imaging and video applications, and the high-speed data access requirements in large-scale high- speed data processing. Development of this technology integrates and leverages developments in parallel sensors, spatial light modulators, novel optics, parallel signal processing, and micro-optic packaging.
KEYWORDS: Optical storage, Sensors, 3D optical data storage, Luminescence, Servomechanisms, Data storage, Magnetism, Absorption, Signal processing, Signal to noise ratio
Three-dimensional parallel readout of 2-photon multilayer optical disks can simultaneously offer high capacities (greater than 100 GB/disk) and high data transfer rates (greater than 1 Gb/s). The robust system tolerances should enable cost effective storage systems with capacities and transfer rates that are scaleable to match various application requirements.
The system transfer function of magneto-optic data storage systems can be significantly improved by super-resolution. Super-resolution is achieved using optical and electronic filters. In our experiments the relative high frequency contrast improved from 10% to 75% after application of a combined optical and electronic filter. The carrier-to-noise ratio was slightly degraded at low frequencies, but was improved by 2dB to 3dB at high frequencies. Measurements indicate that the combined system improves jitter by a factor of three at high frequencies.
We show how FWHM, FW1/e2, Strehl ratio, and encircled energy figures of merit vary with different types of aberration and measurement methods. We examine in detail the array sampling method and the slit-scan method. Our irradiance in the exit pupil of the optical system is a simple Gaussian. We found that in general the slit-scan method and the array method do not yield the same result. The width measurements for the central lobe of the diffraction pattern are very insensitive to aberration.
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