Dr. Emanuele T. Simioni Profile

Dr. Emanuele T. Simioni

at INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (19)

Proceedings Article | 27 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Radiance values inside lunar caves and lava tubes

G. Rodeghiero, C. Pernechele, M. Munari, R. Pozzobon, M. Pajola, I. Di Antonio, A. Lucchetti, M. Massironi, E. Simioni, D. Borrmann, F. Maurelli, A. Nüchter, A. Rossi

Proceedings Volume 12180, 121803B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628901

KEYWORDS: Sun, Scattering, Signal to noise ratio, Ray tracing, Light sources, Cameras, Sensors, Robotics, Observatories, MATLAB

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Setting the parameters for the stellar calibration of the SIMBIO-SYS STC camera on-board the ESA BepiColombo mission

Alessandra Slemer, Vania Da Deppo, Emanuele Simioni, Cristina Re, Giampiero Naletto, Maria Capria, Raffaele Mugnuolo, Marilena Amoroso, Gabriele Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 11443, 1144374 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2560648

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Optical filters, Stars, Cameras, Space operations, Mercury, Sensors, Chemical analysis, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

SIMBIO-SYS Near Earth Commissioning Phase: a step forward toward Mercury

M. Zusi, E. Simioni, A. Cicchetti, R. Politi, R. Noschese, V. Carlier, V. Da Deppo, G. Filacchione, C. Re, L. Tommasi, S. Debei, S. Fonte, Y. Langevin, A. Slemer, M. Baroni, D. Borelli, M. Dami, I. Ficai Veltroni, M. Amoroso, F. Longo, R. Mugnuolo, Paolo Chioetto, F. Capaccioni, M. T. Capria, P. Palumbo, M. Vincendon, G. Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 11128, 111280V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2529224

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Mercury (planet), Space operations, Spectrometers, Signal detection, Optical filters, Lamps, Data acquisition, Light emitting diodes

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

Spectral response of the stereo imaging channel of SIMBIO-SYS on-board the ESA BepiColombo Mission

A. Slemer, V. Da Deppo, E. Simioni, P. Chioetto, P. Zuppella, C. Re, G. Aroldi, M. Dami, D. Borrelli, I. Ficai Veltroni, L. Tommasi, M. Teresa Capria, G. Naletto, R. Mugnuolo, M. Amoroso, G. Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 11115, 1111514 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528797

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Sensors, Information technology, Transmittance, Calibration, Monochromators, Image filtering, Spectral calibration, Data acquisition, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2019 Open Access

SIMBIO-SYS STC ready for the first light: the radiometric calibration

A. Slemer, E. Simioni, V. Da Deppo, C. Re, M. Dami, D. Borrelli, I. Ficai Veltroni, G. Aroldi, L. Tommasi, M. Capria, G. Naletto, R. Mugnolo, M. Amoroso, G. Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 11180, 111807R (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536198

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Signal detection, Information technology, Spatial resolution, Optical filters, Mercury (planet), Lamps, Tungsten, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2019 Open Access

SIMBIOSYS-STC ready for launch: a technical recap

Emanuele Simioni, Vania Da Deppo, Cristina Re, Maria Teresa Capria, Giampiero Naletto, Gianfranco Forlani, Leonardo Tommasi, Michele Dami, Donato Borrelli, Iacopo Ficai Veltroni, Matteo Massironi, Alessandra Slemer, Raffaele Mugnuolo, Francesco Longo, Gabriele Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 11180, 1118042 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536065

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Mercury (planet), Sensors, Astronomical imaging, Planets, Optical filters, Space operations, Distortion, Telescopes, Information technology

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2018 Paper

The pre-launch distortion definition of SIMBIO-SYS/STC stereo camera by rational function models

Emanuele Simioni, Vania Da Deppo, Cristina Re, Alessandra Slemer, Maria Teresa Capria, Iacopo Ficai Veltroni, Michele Dami, Donato Borrelli, Leonardo Tommasi, Gabriele Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 10698, 1069850 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313778

KEYWORDS: Distortion, Sensors, Calibration, Mirrors, Optical filters, Mercury (planet), Telescopes, Image filtering, Data modeling, Stereoscopic cameras

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

A Mercury surface radiometric model for SIMBIO-SYS instrument suite on board of BepiColombo mission

A. Slemer, M. Zusi, E. Simioni, V. Da Deppo, C. Re, V. Della Corte, G. Filacchione, P. Palumbo, F. Capaccioni, G. Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 10698, 106984C (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314836

KEYWORDS: Mercury (planet), Sensors, Optical filters, Reflectivity, Instrument modeling, Signal detection, Planets, Mercury, Quantum efficiency, Imaging systems

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The BepiColombo mission represents the cornerstone n.5 of the European Space Agency (ESA) and it is composed of two satellites: the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) realized by ESA and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The payload of the MPO is composed by 11 instruments. About half of the entire MPO data volume will be provided by the Spectrometer and Imagers for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory System" (SIMBIO-SYS) instrument suite. The SIMBIO-SYS suite includes three imaging systems, two with stereo and high spatial resolution capabilities, which are the Stereoscopic Imaging Channel (STC) and High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC), and a hyper-spectral imager in the Vis-NIR range, named Visible and near Infrared Hyper-spectral Imager (VIHI). In order to test and predict the instrument performances, a radiometric model is needed. It consists in a tool that permits to know what fraction of the incoming light is measured by the detector. The obtained signal depends on the detector properties (such as quantum efficiency and dark current) and the instrument transmission characteristics (transmission of lenses and filter strips, mirrors reflectivity). The radiometric model allows to correlate the radiance of the source and the signal measured by each instrument. We used the Hapke model to obtain the Mercury reflectance, and we included it in the radiometric model applied to the STC, HRIC and VIHI channels. The radiometric model here presented is a useful tool to predict the instruments performance: it permits to calculate the expected optical response of the instrument (the position in latitude and longitude of the filter footprints, the on-ground px dimensions, the on-ground speed, the smearing and the illumination angles of the observed points), and the detector behavior (the expected signal and the integration time to reach a specific SNR). In this work we derive the input flux and the integration times for the three channels of SIMBIO-SYS, using the radiometric model to obtain the source radiance for each Mercury surface area observed.

Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Indoor calibration for stereoscopic camera STC: a new method

E. Simioni, C. Re, V. Da Deppo, G. Naletto, D. Borrelli, M. Dami, I. Ficai Veltroni, G. Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105634E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304188

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Channel projecting optics, Stereoscopic cameras, Collimators, Cameras, Astronomical imaging, Mercury (planet), 3D modeling, Target acquisition, Laser scanners

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In the framework of the ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury, the global mapping of the planet will be performed by the on-board Stereo Camera (STC), part of the SIMBIO-SYS suite [1]. In this paper we propose a new technique for the validation of the 3D reconstruction of planetary surface from images acquired with a stereo camera.

STC will provide a three-dimensional reconstruction of Mercury surface. The generation of a DTM of the observed features is based on the processing of the acquired images and on the knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the optical system.

The new stereo concept developed for STC needs a pre-flight verification of the actual capabilities to obtain elevation information from stereo couples: for this, a stereo validation setup to get an indoor reproduction of the flight observing condition of the instrument would give a much greater confidence to the developed instrument design.

STC is the first stereo satellite camera with two optical channels converging in a unique sensor. Its optical model is based on a brand new concept to minimize mass and volume and to allow push-frame imaging. This model imposed to define a new calibration pipeline to test the reconstruction method in a controlled ambient. An ad-hoc indoor set-up has been realized for validating the instrument designed to operate in deep space, i.e. in-flight STC will have to deal with source/target essentially placed at infinity.

This auxiliary indoor setup permits on one side to rescale the stereo reconstruction problem from the operative distance in-flight of 400 km to almost 1 meter in lab; on the other side it allows to replicate different viewing angles for the considered targets.

Neglecting for sake of simplicity the Mercury curvature, the STC observing geometry of the same portion of the planet surface at periherm corresponds to a rotation of the spacecraft (SC) around the observed target by twice the 20° separation of each channel with respect to nadir. The indoor simulation of the SC trajectory can therefore be provided by two rotation stages to generate a dual system of the real one with same stereo parameters but different scale.

The set of acquired images will be used to get a 3D reconstruction of the target: depth information retrieved from stereo reconstruction and the known features of the target will allow to get an evaluation of the stereo system performance both in terms of horizontal resolution and vertical accuracy.

To verify the 3D reconstruction capabilities of STC by means of this stereo validation set-up, the lab target surface should provide a reference, i.e. should be known with an accuracy better than that required on the 3D reconstruction itself. For this reason, the rock samples accurately selected to be used as lab targets have been measured with a suitable accurate 3D laser scanner.

The paper will show this method in detail analyzing all the choices adopted to lead back a so complex system to the indoor solution for calibration.

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Preliminary results of the optical calibration for the stereo camera STC onboard the Bepicolombo mission

V. Da Deppo, E. Martellato, E. Simioni, D. Borrelli, M. Dami, G. Aroldi, G. Naletto, I. Ficai Veltroni, G. Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105635I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304124

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical filters, Cameras, Mercury (planet), Imaging systems, Modulation transfer functions, Point spread functions, Planets, Mirrors, Collimators

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BepiColombo is one of the cornerstone missions of the European Space Agency dedicated to the exploration of the planet Mercury and it is expected to be launched in July 2016.

One of the BepiColombo instruments is the STereoscopic imaging Channel (STC), which is a channel of the Spectrometers and Imagers for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIOSYS) suite: an integrated system for imaging and spectroscopic investigation of the Mercury surface. STC main aim is the 3D global mapping of the entire surface of the planet Mercury during the BepiColombo one year nominal mission.

The STC instrument consists in a novel concept of stereocamera: two identical cameras (sub-channels) looking at ±20° from nadir which share most of the optical components and the detector. Being the detector a 2D matrix, STC is able to adopt the push-frame acquisition technique instead of the much common push-broom one.

The camera has the capability of imaging in five different spectral bands: one panchromatic and four intermediate bands, in the range between 410 and 930 nm.

To avoid mechanisms, the technical solution chosen for the filters is the single substrate stripe-butted filter in which different glass pieces, with different transmission properties, are glued together and positioned just in front of the detector.

The useful field of view (FoV) of each sub-channel, though divided in 3 strips, is about 5.3° x 3.2°. The optical design, a modified Schmidt layout, is able to guarantee that over all the FoV the diffraction Ensquared Energy inside one pixel of the detector is of the order of 70-80%.

To effectively test and calibrate the overall STC channel, an ad hoc Optical Ground Support Equipment has been developed. Each of the sub-channels has to be separately calibrated, but also the data of one sub-channel have to be easily correlated with the other one.

In this paper, the experimental results obtained by the analysis of the data acquired during the preliminary onground optical calibration campaign on the STC Flight Model will be presented.

This analysis shows a good agreement between the theoretical expected performance and the experimental results.

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2017 Open Access

CMOS detectors: lessons learned during the STC stereo channel preflight calibration

E. Simioni, A. De Sio, V. Da Deppo, G. Naletto, G. Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 10562, 105622M (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2296147

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 2016 Paper

Radiometric model for the stereo camera STC onboard the BepiColombo ESA mission

Vania Da Deppo, Elena Martellato, Emanuele Simioni, Giampiero Naletto, Gabriele Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 9911, 99111T (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232130

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Mercury (planet), Instrument modeling, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Planets, Sun, Mirrors, Optical filters, Mercury

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Geometrical distortion calibration of the stereo camera for the BepiColombo mission to Mercury

Emanuele Simioni, Vania Da Deppo, Cristina Re, Giampiero Naletto, Elena Martellato, Donato Borrelli, Michele Dami, Gianluca Aroldi, Iacopo Ficai Veltroni, Gabriele Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 9904, 990410 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232639

KEYWORDS: Distortion, Calibration, Mercury (planet), Cameras, Sensors, Instrument modeling, Imaging systems, Calibration, Data modeling, 3D modeling, Mirrors

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The ESA-JAXA mission BepiColombo that will be launched in 2018 is devoted to the observation of Mercury, the innermost planet of the Solar System. SIMBIOSYS is its remote sensing suite, which consists of three instruments: the High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC), the Visible and Infrared Hyperspectral Imager (VIHI), and the Stereo Imaging Channel (STC). The latter will provide the global three dimensional reconstruction of the Mercury surface, and it represents the first push-frame stereo camera on board of a space satellite. Based on a new telescope design, STC combines the advantages of a compact single detector camera to the convenience of a double direction acquisition system; this solution allows to minimize mass and volume performing a push-frame imaging acquisition. The shared camera sensor is divided in six portions: four are covered with suitable filters; the others, one looking forward and one backwards with respect to nadir direction, are covered with a panchromatic filter supplying stereo image pairs of the planet surface. The main STC scientific requirements are to reconstruct in 3D the Mercury surface with a vertical accuracy better than 80 m and performing a global imaging with a grid size of 65 m along-track at the periherm. Scope of this work is to present the on-ground geometric calibration pipeline for this original instrument. The selected STC off-axis configuration forced to develop a new distortion map model. Additional considerations are connected to the detector, a Si-Pin hybrid CMOS, which is characterized by a high fixed pattern noise. This had a great impact in pre-calibration phases compelling to use a not common approach to the definition of the spot centroids in the distortion calibration process. This work presents the results obtained during the calibration of STC concerning the distortion analysis for three different temperatures. These results are then used to define the corresponding distortion model of the camera.

Proceedings Article | 23 September 2015 Paper

Distortion definition and correction in off-axis systems

Vania Da Deppo, Emanuele Simioni, Giampiero Naletto, Gabriele Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 9626, 962634 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2191332

KEYWORDS: Distortion, Cameras, Imaging systems, Planets, Mirrors, Systems modeling, Telescopes, Sensors, Comets, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 21 June 2015 Paper

DTM generation from STC-SIMBIO-SYS images

C. Re, E. Simioni, G. Cremonese, R. Roncella, G. Forlani, Vania Da Deppo, G. Naletto, G. Salemi

Proceedings Volume 9528, 95280P (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2184745

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Calibration, Cameras, Image processing, Channel projecting optics, Imaging systems, Statistical modeling, Collimators, Mercury (planet), Detection and tracking algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2014 Paper

Preliminary LSF and MTF determination for the stereo camera of the BepiColombo mission

Emanuele Simioni, Vania Da Deppo, Giampiero Naletto, Donato Borrelli, Michele Dami, Iacopo Ficai Veltroni, Leonardo Tommasi, Gabriele Cremonese

Proceedings Volume 9143, 914341 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054588

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, 3D modeling, Sensors, Calibration, Cameras, Data modeling, Mercury (planet), Stereoscopic cameras, Point spread functions, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2012 Paper

Innovative optical setup for testing a stereo camera for space applications

Giampiero Naletto, Michele Cesaro, Alessandro Albasini, Gabriele Cremonese, Vania Da Deppo, Gianfranco Forlani, Cristina Re, Riccardo Roncella, Giuseppe Salemi, Emanuele Simioni

Proceedings Volume 8442, 84421M (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926182

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Calibration, Collimators, Mercury (planet), Channel projecting optics, 3D modeling, Optical filters, Stereoscopic cameras, Sensors, Target acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 6 June 2011 Paper

Shape-from-silhouette for three-dimensional reconstruction from x-ray radiography

E. Simioni, F. Ratti, L. Poletto

Proceedings Volume 8084, 80840I (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.888407

KEYWORDS: X-rays, X-ray imaging, 3D acquisition, Tomography, 3D modeling, Reconstruction algorithms, Radiography, 3D image processing, Calibration, Image segmentation

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Proceedings Article | 2 September 2010 Paper

Three-dimensional reconstruction with x-ray shape-from-silhouette

E. Simioni, F. Ratti, I. Calliari, L. Poletto

Proceedings Volume 7804, 78040X (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861599

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Tomography, X-ray imaging, 3D acquisition, 3D modeling, Calibration, Sensors, Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Radiography

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Showing 5 of 19 publications

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