This paper presents refinements to the design of the TMT primary mirror segment passive-support system that are
effective in reducing gravity print-through and thermal distortion effects. First, a novel analytical method is presented
for tuning the axial and lateral support systems in a manner that results in improved optical performance when subject to
varying gravity fields. The method utilizes counterweights attached to the whiffletrees to cancel astigmatic and comatic
errors normally resulting when the lateral support system resists transverse loads induced by gravity. Secondly, several
central diaphragm designs are presented and analyzed to assess lateral-gravity and thermal distortion performance: 1) a
simple flat diaphragm, 2) a stress-relieving diaphragm having a slotted outer rim and a circumferential convolution near
the outside diameter, and 3) a flat diaphragm having a slotted outer rim. The latter design is chosen based on results from
analytical studies which show it to have better overall optical performance in the presence of gravity and thermal
environments.
The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project, a partnership between ACURA, Caltech, and the University of California, is
currently developing a 30-meter diameter optical telescope. The primary mirror will be composed of 492 low expansion
glass segments. Each segment is hexagonal, nominally measuring 1.44m across the corners. Because the TMT primary
mirror is curved (i.e. not flat) and segmented with uniform 2.5mm nominal gaps, the resulting hexagonal segment
outlines cannot all be identical. All segmentation approaches studied result in some combination of shape and size
variations. These variations range from fractions of a millimeter to several millimeters. Segmentation schemes for the
TMT primary mirror are described in some detail. Various segmentation approaches are considered, with the goal being
to minimize various measures of shape variation between segments, thereby reducing overall design complexity and
cost. Two radial scaling formulations are evaluated for their effectiveness at achieving these goals. Optimal tuning of
these formulations and detailed statistics of the resulting segment shapes are provided. Finally, we present the rationale
used for selecting the preferred segmentation approach for TMT.
This paper describes the studies performed to establish a baseline conceptual design of the Segment Support Assembly
(SSA) for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) primary mirror. The SSA uses a combination of mechanical whiffletrees
for axial support, a central diaphragm for lateral support, and a whiffletree-based remote-controlled warping harness for
surface figure corrections. Axial support whiffletrees are numerically optimized to minimize the resulting gravityinduced
deformation. Although a classical central diaphragm solution was eventually adopted, several lateral support
concepts are considered. Warping harness systems are analyzed and optimized for their effectiveness at correcting
second and third order optical aberrations. Thermal deformations of the optical surface are systematically analyzed
using finite element analysis. Worst-case performance of the complete system as a result of gravity loading and
temperature variations is analyzed as a function of zenith angle using an integrated finite element model.
This paper summarizes the design, optimization, development, fabrication, and testing of a vacuum compatible coil spring with embedded constrained layer visco-elastic damping. The spring is developed as part of the NSF funded LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravity Wave Observatory) project. Large numbers of those springs are the primary components of multi- stage, in-vacuum, passive seismic isolation stacks that provide high attenuation (-160 dB/decade above 15 Hz) of floor vibrations for ultra-sensitive (better than 10-18 m/(root)Hz noise floor between 40 and 1000 Hz) laser interferometers. The spring design addresses both requirements for passive isolation within a single, self- contained, vacuum tight envelope: low stiffness for maximum attenuation and non-viscous damping to limit resonant amplitudes in the stack. This is achieved with a tubular coil spring design with an internal torsional constrained layer damping structure. The paper presents the analysis of this spring using closed-form analytical expressions, trend studies showing the strong dependence of spring performance on key design parameters, and explicit numerical design optimization. Manufacturing issues are briefly discussed. Finally, experimental results from static and dynamic tests performed on prototype units are presented. Results show loss factors of the order of 1.5% in the transverse direction to 3% in the axial direction, at frequencies from 1 to 2 Hz.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.