A low index layer between the boundary of a first-order grating combined with a high index cover layer provides significantly higher reflected power per unit length and reduces losses at the waveguide-grating interface compared to conventional gratings in III-V waveguides. The dependence of the peak and spectral width of the reflected power for Enhanced Coupling Strength (ECS) gratings is analyzed for two different ECS grating geometries. These properties of ECS gratings allow integration of optical components such as high-speed modulators with short horizontal cavity lasers that can operate without temperature control over wide temperature and wavelength ranges.
Enhanced Coupling Strength (ECS) outcoupler gratings theoretically provide an order of magnitude reduction of grating length compared with conventional outcoupler gratings in III-V photonic waveguides. The dependence of the magnitude and spectral width of the outcoupled power of ECS outcoupling gratings is analyzed using a Floquet-Bloch space-harmonic approach for two different ECS grating geometries. ECS outcoupler gratings allow near-surface normal emission of integrated optical devices such as laser transmitters consisting of short horizontal cavity lasers combined with high-speed modulators that can operate without temperature control over a wide temperature and wavelength ranges.
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