We demonstrated that the dense TiO2 planar negative electrode is an effective electron transport material in the perovskite solar cells. The highest Voc is 900 mV using negative electrode with a dense TiO2 layer of 400 nm plus a mesoporous TiO2 layer of 400 nm. For conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) the thickness of the mesoporous negative electrode is around 15 μm. The ideal range of film thickness in DSSCs is usually 12~16 μm, suggesting that the electron has comparable diffusion length in the mesoporous negative electrode such that the electron recombination is insignificant below 15 μm. However, design of thicker mesoporous TiO2 negative electrode in perovskite solar cells is not usually encouraged as the solar cell efficiency decreases with electrode thickness greater than 500 nm. In this study, we would like to verify if the efficiency decrease of perovskite solar cells with electrode thickness is really due to the increase of thickness of TiO2 electrode itself or some consequences that come with the increase of thickness, such as increased roughness. We will report the solar cell efficiency dependence on the thickness of dense TiO2 layer in negative electrode so to verify if the electric field does play a role in electron transport in the TiO2 electrode. With this understanding, we will be able to design a novel structure of TiO2 electrode that is suitable for perovskite solar cells.
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