Optical transmission over space links between satellites in intra-orbital constellations or inter-orbital constellations and optical ground stations are currently attracting a lot of attention, both for their ultra-high capacities reaching multi-tera-bits/sec and for their use in quantum key distribution for coding to transmitting over public channels. This paper outlines the followings: (i) Multi-dimensional considerations to reach Tera-bits/sec that include multiplexing of polarized modes, high-order modulation formats, high speed integrated photonic complex modulations, digital signal processing techniques etc.; (ii) Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) achieved through constant amplitude zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) sequence for quantum level signaling with phase-coded BB84- protocol, decorrelation , high order sampling rate and digital signal processing for quantum key recovery. (iii) Discussion of advantages and disadvantages of both coherent and self-coherent reception techniques for space transmission channels for multi-photons to sub-photon energy reception and transmission; (iv) Presentation of initial transmission results and Terabits/s optical transmission systems; (vi) Analytical considerations of CV-QKD space self-homodyne and homodyne reception system employing CAZAC and cross-correlation decoding as a photonic-pre-processor. Additional presentation content can be accessed on the supplemental content page.
We present the transmission of continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) qubits, ultra-high capacity of multi-tera bits over atmospheric and inter-satellite channels via the C-band. With the aid of advanced modulation formats and modern photonic technologies, we argue that multi-satellite jumps are both feasible and realizable. Photonic transceivers utilizing photonic integrated circuits in Silicon and InP technology of electro-absorption modulation lasers are presented. It is shown that optical amplification techniques, booster power amplifiers, and highly sensitive optical preamplifiers can compensate for exceedingly high attenuation of links between optical ground stations and satellites with all optical routing and link distances of 12,000 to 45,000 km. The digital signal processing algorithms in coherent receivers for ultra-high capacity and ultra-low power quantum bit systems are demonstrated to play a critical role in system performance. We specifically provide a Nyquist-equivalent sampling theorem that studies the quantum bit error rate based on both the Nyquist sampling theorem and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Furthermore, the Nyquist pulse shaping method and constellation probability shaping are used to maximize tera-bit transmission over spatial channels.
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