Dr. Lei Pan Profile

Dr. Lei Pan

at The Ohio State Univ

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 2021 Presentation + Paper

Perovskite detectors for x-ray imaging and gamma spectroscopy: overview and current state-of-the-art

Lei Cao, Lei Pan, Praneeth Kandlakunta, Wanyi Nie

Proceedings Volume 11838, 118380B (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595913

KEYWORDS: Perovskite, X-ray detectors, Sensors, Crystals, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Gamma radiation, Image sensors, Thin films

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Perovskites are a family of semiconductor materials with molecular formula ABX₃ [where A⁺ = Cesium (Cs), methylammonium (MA or CH₃NH₃) or formamidinium (FA or CH(NH₂)2), B-site is metal, and X− = chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I)] that have recently seen a surged interest for X-ray and gamma-ray detection. The all inorganic version, CsPbBr₃, grown by high temperature melt method has been demonstrated with an impressive gamma-ray energy resolution of 1.4%@662 keV, while the solution grown CsPbBr₃ showed the best achievable resolution of 5.5% at the same energy from a 137Cs source. This paper gives an overview of the development of perovskite in both X-ray detection and gamma spectroscopy, including the most recent advancement with perovskite single crystal grown by low temperature inverse temperature method for solid-state X-ray detector. The crystal shows a decent long carrier diffusion length that is ideal for charge collection, while their mobilities are still not on par with CdZnTe. We also reported our most recent development on clarifying the concepts around X-ray detection limits. The X-ray sensitivity and the lowest detectable dose rate (i.e., X-ray detection limits) of several MAPbI3 detectors made of single crystal were experimentally measured. The best achieved X-ray sensitivity is ~2.5E4 μC/Gy_air/cm² under 15.4 V/mm, which is comparable to the current state-of-the-art MAPbI₃based X-ray detectors (~ 2.3E4 μC/Gy_air/cm² under 4.2 V/mm for GAMAPbI₃ (GA=guanidinium) single crystal detector). The best achieved lowest detectable X-ray dose rate for the same MAPbI₃ detector is ~61 nGy_air/s under 15.4 V/mm, and decreased to ~24 nGy_air/s under 3.8 V/mm. The good performance of the MAPbI3 detectors further proves their great potential as the next generation low-cost X-ray detector.

Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation

Metal halide perovskite for X-ray and gamma-ray detection

Jingjing Zhao, Yuanxiang Feng, Lei Pan, Raymond Cao, Jinsong Huang

Proceedings Volume 11494, 1149407 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2567044

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Perovskite, Gamma radiation, Sensors, Ions, Lead, Metals, Semiconductors, Ionization, Capacitance

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Metal halide perovskites have arisen as a new family of semiconductors for room-temperature ionization radiation detectors due to their high stopping power, large and balanced electron-hole mobility-lifetime (mu-tau) product, and tunable bandgap. These materials are low-cost to make using solution process. The mu-tau of some perovskites are already close or superior to best CZT crystals, while the best resolution of gamma-ray spectrum does not catch up yet, most likely due to the ion migration and self-doping behavior in these materials. Here, we report a simple approach of additive-assisted inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) solution method to grow low-defect density single crystal. We also report our recent progress in developing flexible polycrystalline films for X-ray imaging with performance comparable to those of single crystals while they are much simpler to scale up to commercial relevant size.

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