This conference presentation was prepared for the Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XXIII: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics conference at SPIE BiOS, 2023.
In this work, a multiwavelength autofluorescence virtual instant stain (MAVIS) workflow is proposed to provide a multiple virtual staining solution to facilitate clinical diagnosis. Multiple ultraviolet excitation and visible emission wavelengths are used to highlight different biomolecules while a weakly supervised algorithm provides a robust and accurate virtual staining with adjacent tissue slices. The result of MAVIS with three histochemical stains on human tissue slices achieves a multi-scale structural similarity index measure > 0.6, demonstrating the potential of multiple virtual staining as a rapid and low-cost alternative to the current histological workflow.
This paper proposes a fast whole-organ histological imaging method with real-time staining and mechanical sectioning. Time-consuming and laborious sample processing procedures are not needed. The imaged tissue block will be labeled along with the serial sectioning and optical scanning to improve the overall speed and the uniformity of staining. A super-resolution network (ESRGAN) and an optical-sectioning imaging technique (HiLo microscopy) have been applied to optimize the imaging speed and resolution. The proposed system can realize whole-organ histological imaging within hours to days, depending on the volume of the imaged sample.
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is a label-free and non-invasive technique for imaging blood vessel and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2) of living animals in vivo, providing functional information for disease diagnosis. However, most state-of-the-art OR-PAM systems require bulky and costly pulsed lasers, which hinders their wide applications in clinical settings. Here, a reflection-mode low-cost photoacoustic microscopy system using two laser diodes (LDs) was developed for in-vivo microvasculature and sO2 imaging with a high resolution of ~6 μm. The sO2 measurement is validated in both blood phantom and in vivo animal experiments. The phantom study shows that our system has a strong linear relationship with the preset sO2 (R 2 = 0.96). The in-vivo experiment of mouse ear imaging demonstrated that our system can achieve high-resolution and high-quality imaging of microvasculature and sO2. This technical advancement in cost reduction and superior imaging performance promotes the fast and wide applications of PAM in biomedical fields.
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, with an estimated 2.2 million new cancer cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2020. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is usually developed with a mixture of histologic subtypes. Surgery to remove the affected tissue or tumor is the most curative treatment option for the early-stage NSCLC currently. The clinical diagnosis of NSCLC based on pathological analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is laborious and time-consuming, failing to guide surgeons intraoperatively. Although frozen section can serve as a rapid alternative to FFPE histology, it still requires a turnaround time of 20–30 minutes during surgery. Besides, the diagnostic accuracy of the frozen section could be affected due to the tissue freezing artifacts and inadequate sampling of resection margins. Here, we propose a rapid histological imaging method, termed microscopy with ultraviolet single-plane illumination (MUSI), which enables label-free and non-destructive imaging of freshly excised and unprocessed tissues. The MUSI system allows the surgical specimens with large irregular surfaces to be scanned in a label-free manner at a speed of 0.65 mm2/s with a subcellular resolution, showing great potential as an assistive imaging platform that can provide immediate feedback to surgeons and pathologists for intraoperative decision-making. We demonstrate that MUSI can differentiate between different subtypes of human lung adenocarcinomas, revealing diagnostically important features that are comparable to the gold standard FFPE histology, holding great promise to revolutionize the current practice of surgical pathology.
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