In this work we study Ge structures grown on silicon substrates. We use photoluminescence and photoreflectance to determine both direct and indirect gap of Ge under tensile strain. The strain is induced by growing the Ge on an InGaAs buffer layer with variable In content. The band energy levels are modeled by a 30 band k·p model based on first principles calculations. Characterization techniques show very good agreement with the calculated energy values.
In this work we study Ge transistor structures grown on silicon substrate. We use photoluminescence to determine the band gap of Ge under tensile strain. The strain is induced by growing Ge on an InGaAs buffer layer with variable In content. The band energy levels are modeled using a 30 band k·p model based on first principles calculations. Photoluminescence measurements show a reasonable correspondence with calculated values of the band energies.
Tunable tensile-strained germanium (epsilon-Ge) thin films on GaAs and heterogeneously integrated on silicon (Si) have been demonstrated using graded III-V buffer architectures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). epsilon-Ge epilayers with tunable strain from 0% to 1.95% on GaAs and 0% to 1.11% on Si were realized utilizing MBE. The detailed structural, morphological, band alignment and optical properties of these highly tensile-strained Ge materials were characterized to establish a pathway for wavelength-tunable laser emission from 1.55 μm to 2.1 μm. High-resolution X-ray analysis confirmed pseudomorphic epsilon-Ge epitaxy in which the amount of strain varied linearly as a function of indium alloy composition in the InxGa1-xAs buffer. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopic analysis demonstrated a sharp heterointerface between the epsilon-Ge and the InxGa1-xAs layer and confirmed the strain state of the epsilon-Ge epilayer. Lowtemperature micro-photoluminescence measurements confirmed both direct and indirect bandgap radiative recombination between the Γ and L valleys of Ge to the light-hole valence band, with L-lh bandgaps of 0.68 eV and 0.65 eV demonstrated for the 0.82% and 1.11% epsilon-Ge on Si, respectively. The highly epsilon-Ge exhibited a direct bandgap, and wavelength-tunable emission was observed for all samples on both GaAs and Si. Successful heterogeneous integration of tunable epsilon-Ge quantum wells on Si paves the way for the implementation of monolithic heterogeneous devices on Si.
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