This paper describes the realization of high quality-factor (Q-factor) and high transmission photonic crystal
micro-cavity and extended cavity structures embedded in photonic wire waveguides. Q-factor of as much as 16600 have
been achieved in micro-cavities with transmission of more than 80%. We have also fabricated an 8 μm long extended
cavity with a measured Q-factor of 5100 with normalised transmission of around 67%. Three-dimensional (3D) Finite
Difference Time Domain (FDTD) computation has been used to simulate the devices. Comparison of the simulation and
measured result shows reasonably good agreement.
Photonic devices that exploit photonic crystal (PhC) principles in a planar environment continue to provide a fertile field of research. 2D PhC based channel waveguides can provide both strong confinement and controlled dispersion behaviour. In conjunction with, for instance, various electro-optic, thermo-optic and other effects, a range of device functionality is accessible in very compact PhC channel-guide devices that offer the potential for high-density integration. Low enough propagation losses are now being obtained with photonic crystal channel-guide structures that their use in real applications has become plausible. Photonic wires (PhWs) can also provide strong confinement and low propagation losses. Bragg-gratings imposed on photonic wires can provide dispersion and frequency selection in device structures that are intrinsically simpler than 2D PhC channel guides--and can compete with them under realistic conditions.
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