Low noise microwave signals, generated by coherent division from optical atomic clock signals with an optical frequency comb, are amongst the lowest noise and highest stability of both room temperature and cryogenic electronic sources. The latter conversion is necessary for the realization of timescales, and redefinition of the SI second, from next generation atomic clocks. To this end, I will describe a highly robust technique that uses feedforward to suppress noise in optical-to-microwave division. This technique also supports the simultaneous conversion of multiple independent optical signals to microwave signals with a single comb, permitting the independent synthesis of microwave signals from multiple atomic clocks with accuracy near 1 part in 10-18.
Sensors based on optically-pumped magnetometers allow the development of room-temperature, wearable imaging systems for biomagnetism detection due to their excellent sensitivity, with applications such as Magnetoencephalography and Brain-Computer Interfaces. The small size of sensors based on microfabricated vapor cell technology promises high spatial resolution. The high sensitivity also opens up the possibility to use OPM sensors in other applications such as Very Low Frequency communications and ultrasensitive microwave detection.
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