Silicon nitride waveguide based photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are intensively investigated for a wide range of sensing applications in the visible to sub 1-µm near-infrared spectral region. The monolithic co-integration of silicon photodiodes and read-out electronics offers additional benefits in terms of performance and miniaturization. We discuss challenging aspects related to the efficient coupling and routing of light to, from, and within PICs and present interfacing photonic building blocks offering potential solutions. We demonstrate the suitability of these interfacing building blocks by using them for the realization of a PIC-based multi-channel optical coherence tomography concept at 840 nm.
A swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system with the interferometer engine being a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) has been developed. Furthermore, an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG), representing a grating on a PIC, for spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) has been integrated in a fiber-based OCT system. With measured sensitivities of ~87 dB (SS-OCT) and ~80 dB (SD-OCT), scattering tissue imaging becomes feasible for OCT-on-chip systems. In this study, we present two OCT-on-chip systems and first results of biological tissue imaging in-vivo and exvivo.
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