The dynamics of the lithospheric potential at spatially separated experimental polygons and from channels of predominant reception of different directions, mainly characterized by a high correlation, is disturbed in accordance with the periods of anomalies in the heat and humidity regime of the study region. This allows us to suggest common causes of significant anomalies in the dynamics of meteorological and lithospheric events. An analysis of such coordinated effects of the influence of factors of different scales in various components of the Earth's geosystem and the search for possible mechanisms can help to find signs and predictors of the formation of critical states in weather and climate.
The results of complex lidar-actinometric experiments to study of the optical properties of high-level clouds (HLCs) and their effect on the solar radiation fluxes measured near the Earth's surface are described. Optical, microphysical (orientation of ice particles), and geometric characteristics of natural and anthropogenic (contrails) HLCs are estimated according to the data on polarization laser sensing. It is shown that the crystal orientation in cirrus affects significantly the transmission of short-wave solar radiation.
Optical models of high-level clouds (HLCs) used for calculation of radiation fluxes in the atmosphere are analyzed briefly. Results of the experiments on polarization laser sensing of cirrus performed with the lidar developed at the National Research Tomsk State University are described. Optical and microphysical characteristics of such clouds obtained from the results of measurements of their entire backscattering phase matrices are presented. It is shown that the orientation of crystals in the cirrus significantly affects the transmission of shortwave solar radiation. This fact proves incorrectness of the representation of real crystalline particles in HLCs with spherical particles with the corresponding effective radii during calculating the Earth’s radiation budget.
The work presents the results of the analysis of Eurasia climate system structure change over the period of modern climate warming. The authors developed the algorithm based on analytic signal theory, allowing grouping geophysical signals over various spatial and temporal scales. Surface temperature was selected as an integrated indicator of climate change. Climate clusters were separated based by the level of similarity in temperature oscillations annual variation phase change on Eurasia stations. Periods corresponding to major trends in global temperature dynamics were considered. We have revealed that during global warming, since 1976, there is a restructuring in regional fields patterns taking place, level of congruence of temperature oscillations changes, many stations of previously northern classes migrate to southern classes. Classification results confirmed that Russian Arctic and Subarctic are the regions that are most sensitive to global temperature changes.
The authors developed the algorithm based on analytic signal theory, allowing grouping geophysical signals over various spatial and temporal scales. Surface temperature was selected as an integrated indicator of climate change. Algorithm can distinguish the climatic structures where multi-year temperature oscillations are congruent. To accomplish that, the information on temperature series amplitude temporal changes was used. Computing technology developed was applied to the data from 818 northern hemisphere meteorological stations over the period of 1955-2010. The classification for three correlation thresholds was obtained. Distinguished structures have strict geographical differentiation and defined by the highest synchronism level of temperature oscillations. Stations closest to each other spatially demonstrate the highest strength of relationship to typical class envelope.
The paper researches Northern hemisphere surface temperature field structure based on the data of 818 meteorological stations for different time frames. Surface temperature is an integrated indicator of the global and regional climate change. Authors classified the stations by the degree of congruence in their multi-year temperature dynamics at various yearly intervals, corresponding to global climate trends. Temperature observational series were interpreted as phase modulated oscillations. The suggested classification is based on the hypothesis of geographical dependence in temperature signal phase modulation specifics. Congruence, namely temperature oscillation phasing in particular regions serves as a criteria for classification. The totality of climate-regulating influences on climate system forms a complex kind of phase modulation, which is though in some correspondence to those disturbances. We believe, that changes in synchronization modes of climatic and natural processes, is consequent to system transition into a new quality. The paper shows that with a global temperature growth regional temperature fields restructure and degree of congruence in temperature dynamics changes. Those changes are not uniform over different regions of the hemisphere. Temperature field congruence tends to decrease. The search for synchronization in non-linear chaotic systems, sensitive to initial conditions, might become a promising way of predicting models optimization.
The paper provides the results of the analysis of a region-specific response of the surface temperature field in the Northern Hemisphere to the changes in solar activity. The surface temperature is selected as one of the main integral signs of climate change. Assimilation of the influence of solar activity on Earth changes depending on the location of a weather station and in the annual course. The hypothesis of the consistency of climatic processes is confirmed using the phase grouping algorithm. Climatic structures where temperature changes occur more consistently and response to external forcing influence differs are identified. Stations located in equatorial, sub-equatorial, and tropical belts and in zones affected by the largest marine centers of the climatic system activity are more sensitive to external influences.
The problem an estimation of influence the crystal orientation in the ice clouds on the radiation transmission is solved. The technique of synchronous measurements of total radiation with the calculation of the backscattering matrix cirrus clouds using lidar is provided.
The present paper introduces the results of analyzing the space-time structure of extreme characteristics of precipitation in Western Siberia. For each index, with the view of changes evaluation, differences between average values for periods 1951-1980 and 1981-2010 were calculated. The assessment of synchronicity in time and space with the use of factor and cluster analysis showed that changes in precipitation of Western Siberia are determined by global climate-forcing processes only by one-third. When taking into account the results of division into classes, the share of the explained variance increases to 40-60%. The performed classification confirmed an increase in synchronicity when decreasing the territory scale.
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