Prof. Robert A. Arnone Profile

Prof. Robert A. Arnone

Research Professor at Univ of Southern Mississippi

SPIE Involvement:

Editor | Author

Publications (64)

Proceedings Article | 10 May 2019 Presentation + Paper

Establishing optimal matchup protocols between ocean color satellites and ground truth AeroNET-OC radiance

Adam Lawson, Sherwin Ladner, Richard Crout, Christopher Wood, Robert Arnone, Jennifer Bowers, Paul Martinolich, David Lewis

Proceedings Volume 11014, 110140C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2521062

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Sensors, Calibration, Stray light, Satellite navigation systems, Error analysis, Solids, Earth observing sensors, Aerosols, Sensor calibration

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The SAtellite VAlidation Navy Tool (SAVANT) was developed by the Navy to help facilitate the assessment of the stability and accuracy of ocean color satellites using ground truth (insitu) platform and buoy stations positioned around the globe and support methods for match-up protocols. This automated, continuous monitoring system for satellite ocean color sensors employs a website interface to extract and graph coincident satellite and insitu data in near-real-time. Available satellite sensors include MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbitting Partnership (SNPP) & Joint Polar Satellite Sensor (JPSS), Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard the Sentinel 3A and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). SAVANT houses an extensive match-up data set covering nineteen plus years (2000- 2019) of coincident global satellite and ground truth spectral Normalized Water Leaving Radiance (nLw) data allowing users to evaluate the accuracy of ocean color sensors spectral water leaving radiance at specific ground truth sites that provide continuous data. The tool permits changing different match-up constraints and evaluating the effects on the match-up uncertainty. Results include: a) the effects of spatial selection (using single satellite pixel versus 3x3 and 5x5 boxes, all centered around the insitu location), b) time difference between satellite overpass and ground truth observations, c) and satellite and solar zenith angles. Match-up uncertainty analyses was performed on VIIRS SNPP at the AErosol RObotic NETwork Ocean Color (AeroNET-OC) Wave Current surge Information System (WavCIS) site, maintained by NRL and the Louisiana State University (LSU) in the North Central Gulf of Mexico onboard the Chevron platform CSI-06. The VIIRS SNPP and AeroNET-OC assessment determined optimal satellite ocean color cal/val match-up protocols that reduced uncertainty in the derived satellite products.

Proceedings Article | 25 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Seasonal trends of biophysical ocean properties and anomalies across the Mississippi Shelf

Robert Arnone, Brooke Jones , Sherwin Ladner , Inia Soto

Proceedings Volume 10631, 1063102 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309427

KEYWORDS: Water, Ultraviolet radiation, Satellites, Backscatter, Ecosystems, Particles, Coastal modeling, Data modeling, Temperature metrology, Visible radiation

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The seasonal cycle in surface biological, optical and physical properties across the river dominated Mississippi (MS) Shelf changed during years 2015 to 2017 at different locations across the shelf. VIIRS satellite and ocean model products were used to monitor cycles for different properties of both the nowcast and anomalous water properties. MS Shelf water properties vary spatially between offshore waters and coastal MS Sound waters, as well as temporally throughout the year. Ten selected regions spanning east to west from the MS Sound to the shelf break characterized the cross shelf seasonal fluctuations in satellite-derived chlorophyll-a, backscattering, euphotic depth, sea surface temperature, and modeled salinity currents. The seasonal relationships between physical and bio-optical properties were determined for different regions across the shelf and the seasonal eastward movement of the MS river plume across the shelf was identified in June. Yearly MS Sound seasonal cycles of coastal bio-physical properties are different from the shelf regions’ offshore seasonal cycles and indicate a time-lag between the bio-optical responses to the physical properties. Bio-optical and physical results on the shelf indicated seasonal movements of the MS River plume locations. Results show the seasonal bio-physical response of the shelf waters which can be used to address and understand the timing of data collection and how ocean events are influenced by the natural seasonal cycle interactions between biological and physical properties. The seasonal cycle study will enable the ability to monitor the shelf water quality and to identify non-typical conditions and the impact of an event on the cycle. Correlations between the monthly seasonal cycle of bio-optical and physical properties such as salinity, ocean color, chlorophyll-a and particle scattering were not consistent over the shelf. Seasonal cycles of salinity and chlorophyll-a show improved correlation if chlorophyll-a is delayed one month from the salinity at offshore locations on the shelf. Results of the seasonal trends support how data collected at a single image location on the shelf during a certain month can be different from other seasons. The seasonal cycle of the dynamic anomaly properties (DAP) of bio-physical properties were determined to show how seasonal abnormal changes and trends at locations across the shelf can provide a method for seasonal adaptive sampling. The yearly differences in monthly cycles from 2015 to 2017 at shelf locations, identified elevated chlorophyll-a in several months of 2016 and yearly temperature differences in multiple areas. The seasonal cycle of Euphotic depth, solar UV light penetration, showed a maximum peak (deeper Euphotic depth) at certain shelf locations during the months of September and October and minimal penetration in Aug of 20152016,2017. This information could be useful to understand months for maximum oil UV degradation in case of an oil spill

Proceedings Article | 25 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Comparison of aerosol models from the Ocean Color satellite sensors and AERONET-OC and their impact on reflectance spectra in coastal waters

Alexander Gilerson, Eder Herrera, Yaron Klein, Robert Foster, Barry Gross, Robert Arnone, Sam Ahmed

Proceedings Volume 10631, 1063106 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309581

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Satellites, Sensors, Reflectivity, MODIS, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric corrections, Water, Remote sensing, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Anomalous marine biophysical conditions due to 2016 and 2017 wind and flooding events in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

E. Brooke Jones, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 10631, 1063103 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309889

KEYWORDS: Water, Climatology, Satellites, Absorption, Coastal modeling, Oceanography, Signal attenuation, Ecosystems, Floods, Earth observing sensors

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2017 Paper

Characterization of aerosol parameters over ocean from the Ocean Color satellite sensors and AERONET-OC data

Alex Gilerson, Eder Herrera, Yaron Klein, Robert Foster, Barry Gross, Robert Arnone, Sam Ahmed

Proceedings Volume 10422, 104220H (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2279150

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Atmospheric modeling, Satellites, Atmospheric corrections, Reflectivity, Sensors, Scattering, Atmospheric particles, Ocean optics, Data modeling

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SPIE Journal Paper | 17 August 2017 Open Access

Special Section Guest Editorial: Recent Advances in Geophysical Sensing of the Ocean: Remote and In Situ Methods

Weilin Hou, Robert Arnone

JARS, Vol. 11, Issue 03, 032401, (August 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JRS.11.032401

KEYWORDS: Remote sensing, In situ remote sensing, Sensors, Atmospheric modeling, Signal attenuation, Satellites, Water, Hyperspectral imaging, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Biosensing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 31 July 2017 Open Access

Inflow of shelf waters into the Mississippi Sound and Mobile Bay estuaries in October 2015

Mustafa Cambazoglu, Inia Soto, Stephan Howden, Brian Dzwonkowski, Patrick Fitzpatrick, Robert Arnone, Gregg Jacobs, Yee Lau

JARS, Vol. 11, Issue 03, 032410, (July 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JRS.11.032410

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Proceedings Article | 22 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Monitoring abnormal bio-optical and physical properties in the Gulf of Mexico

Robert Arnone, Brooke Jones

Proceedings Volume 10186, 101860O (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2266789

KEYWORDS: Coastal modeling, Satellites, Ecosystems, Environmental monitoring, Remote sensing, Oceanography

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 May 2017 Open Access

Diurnal changes in ocean color sensed in satellite imagery

Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen, Inia Soto, Sherwin Ladner, Michael Ondrusek, Haoping Yang

JARS, Vol. 11, Issue 03, 032406, (May 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JRS.11.032406

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Earth observing sensors, Satellite imaging, Radiometry, Ocean optics, Space robots, Aerosols, Robotics, Visualization, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Surface biomass flux across the coastal Mississippi shelf

Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen, Percy Donaghay, Haoping Yang

Proceedings Volume 9827, 98270Z (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2240874

KEYWORDS: Carbon, Satellites, Coastal modeling, Water, Ecosystems, Earth observing sensors, Biological research, Data modeling, Satellite imaging, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Diurnal changes in ocean color in coastal waters

Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen, Sherwin Ladner, Michael Ondrusek, Charles Kovach, Haoping Yang, Joseph Salisbury

Proceedings Volume 9827, 982711 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2241018

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Sensors, Water, Earth observing sensors, Ocean optics, Radiometry, Calibration, MODIS, Absorption, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2016 Paper

High-resolution shipboard measurements of phytoplankton: a way forward for enhancing the utility of satellite SST and chlorophyll for mapping microscale features and frontal zones in coastal waters

Christy Jenkins, Joaquim Goes, Kali McKee, Helga do R. Gomes, Robert Arnone, Menghua Wang, Michael Ondrusek, P. Nagamani, T. Preethi Latha, K. Rao, V. Dadhwal

Proceedings Volume 9878, 98780U (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225875

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Pulmonary function tests, Carbon, Remote sensing, Algorithm development, Data modeling, Luminescence, Ecosystems, Particles, Satellite communications

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Coastal eddies, frontal zones and microscale oceanographic features are now easily observable from satellite measurements of SST and Chl a. Enhancing the utility of these space-borne measurements for biological productivity, biogeochemical cycling and fisheries investigations will require novel bio-optical methods capable of providing information on the community structure, biomass and photo-physiology of phytoplankton associated on spatial scales that match these features. This study showcases high-resolution in-situ measurements of sea water hydrography (SeaBird CTD®), CDOM (WetLabs ALF®), phytoplankton functional types (PFTs, FlowCAM®), biomass (bbe Moldaenke AlgaeOnlineAnalyzer® and WetLabs ALF®) and phytoplankton photosynthetic competency (mini-FIRe) across microscale features encountered during a recent (Nov. 2014) cruise in support of NOAA's VIIRS ocean color satellite calibration and validation activities. When mapped against binned daily, Level 2 satellite images of Chl a, K_d490 and SST over the cruise period, these high-resolution in-situ data showed great correspondence with the satellite data, but more importantly allowed for identification of PFTs and water types associated with microscale features. Large assemblages of phytoplankton communities comprising of diatoms and diatom-diazotroph associations (DDAs), were found in mesohaline frontal zones. Despite their high biomass, these populations were characterized by low photosynthetic competency, indicative of a bloom at the end of its active growth possibly due to nitrogen depletion in the water. Other prominent PFTs such as Trichodesmium spp., Synechococcus spp. and cryptophytes, were also associated with specific water masses offering the promise and potential that ocean remote sensing reflectance bands when examined in the context of water types also measurable from space, could greatly enhance the utility of satellite measurements for biological oceanographic, carbon cycling and fisheries studies.

Proceedings Article | 19 May 2015 Paper

Seasonal trends of ACSPO VIIRS SST product characterized by the differences in orbital overlaps for various water types

Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen, Alexander Ignatov, Jean François Cayula

Proceedings Volume 9459, 94590T (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179731

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Satellites, Absorption, Clouds, Ocean optics, Water, Stars, Mirrors, Algorithm development, Satellite imaging

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2015 Paper

Evaluation of VIIRS SST fields through the analysis of overlap regions between consecutive orbits

Jean-François Cayula, Douglas May, Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen

Proceedings Volume 9459, 94590S (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179606

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Composites, Statistical analysis, Contamination, Reflectivity, Satellite navigation systems, Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Clouds, Radiometry

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2014 Paper

Comparison of VIIRS SST fields obtained from differing SST equations applied to a region covering the northern Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic

Jean-François Cayula, Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen

Proceedings Volume 9111, 911110 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053435

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Clouds, Data acquisition, Data processing, Satellite navigation systems, Visible radiation, Infrared imaging, Radiometry, Infrared sensors, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2014 Paper

Estimating sea surface salinity in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico using visible channels on SNPP-VIIRS

Ryan Vandermeulen, Robert Arnone, Sherwin Ladner, Paul Martinolich

Proceedings Volume 9111, 911109 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053417

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Absorption, Mouth, Algorithm development, Data modeling, In situ metrology, Coastal modeling, Optical properties, Visible radiation, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2014 Paper

Regional vicarious gain adjustment for coastal VIIRS products

Jennifer Bowers, Robert Arnone, Sherwin Ladner, Giulietta Fargion, Adam Lawson, Paul Martinolich, Ryan Vandermeulen

Proceedings Volume 9111, 911114 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053187

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Satellites, Image processing, Sensors, Water, Satellite imaging, Satellite navigation systems, Aerosols, Ocean optics, In situ metrology

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2014 Paper

Inter-satellite comparison and evaluation of Navy SNPP VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua ocean color properties

S. Ladner, R. Arnone, R. Vandermeulen, P. Martinolich, A. Lawson, J. Bowers, R. Crout, M. Ondrusek, G. Fargion

Proceedings Volume 9111, 911107 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053060

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Satellites, Absorption, Sensors, Signal attenuation, Optical properties, In situ metrology, Calibration, Remote sensing, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2014 Paper

Sensitivity of calibration gains to ocean color processing in coastal and open waters using ensembles members for NPP-VIIRS

R. Arnone, R. Vandermeulen, S. Ladner, J. Bowers, P. Martinolich, G. Fargion, M. Ondrusek

Proceedings Volume 9111, 911105 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053409

KEYWORDS: Water, Calibration, Satellites, Backscatter, Atmospheric corrections, Near infrared, Optical properties, Remote sensing, Reflectivity, Clouds

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Proceedings Article | 16 October 2013 Paper

Evaluation of ocean color data processing schemes for VIIRS sensor using in-situ data of coastal AERONET-OC sites

S. Ahmed, A. Gilerson, S. Hlaing, A. Weidemann, R. Arnone, M. Wang

Proceedings Volume 8888, 88880H (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028821

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, MODIS, Satellites, Data processing, Water, Avalanche photodetectors, Ocean optics, Atmospheric modeling, Aerosols

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In the processing of Ocean Color (OC) data from sensor data recorded by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard JPSS-Suomi satellite, NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) is deriving a continuous temporal calibration based on the on-board calibration measurements for the visible bands, and then reprocessing the full mission to produce a continuously calibrated sensor data record (SDR) product. In addition, a vicarious calibration during SDR to OC Level-2 processing is applied. In the latest processing the vicarious calibration is derived from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) data, whereas in the initial processing it was derived from a sea surface reflectance model and a climatology of chlorophyll-a concentration. Furthermore, NASA has recently reprocessed the OC data for the entire VIIRS mission with lunar-based temporal calibration and updated vicarious gains. On the other hand, in fulfilling the mission of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) developed by Raytheon Intelligence and Information Systems, for the processing of the environmental data products from sensor data records, has gained beta status for evaluation. As these processing schemes continue to evolve, monitoring the validity and assessments of the related VIIRS ocean color products are necessary, especially for coastal waters, to evaluate the consistency of these processing and calibration schemes. The ocean color component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-OC) has been designed to support long-term satellite ocean color investigations through cross-site measurements collected by autonomous multispectral radiometer systems deployed above water. As part of this network, the Long Island Sound Coastal Observatory (LISCO) near New York City and WaveCIS in the Gulf of Mexico expand those observational capabilities with continuous monitoring as well as (for the LISCO site) additional assessment of the hyper-spectral properties of coastal waters. In the investigations carried out over a one and half year period dataset of VIIRS, based on the data from two coastal AERONET-OC sites, it has been observed that the VIIRS sensor captures well the seasonal and temporal variations in the nLw data, exhibiting significant correlation with in-situ data (R = 0.929 and 0.985 for LISCO and WaveCIS respectively). For the WaveCIS site, VIIRS nLw data retrievals are seen to be enhanced with each incremental adjustments of vicarious and calibration procedures. However, that is not the case for the LISCO site which exhibits more frequent occurrences of negative water-leaving radiances, while underestimation in VIIRS nLw data is further exacerbated. Strong consistency between the time-series nLw data retrieved from the VIIRS and MODIS sensors was also observed.

Proceedings Article | 23 September 2013 Paper

Scene-based cross-comparison of SNPP-VIIRS and Aqua-MODIS over oceanic waters

Nima Pahlevan, Zhongping Lee, Adam Lawson, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8866, 88660J (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2023423

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Sensors, Calibration, Aerosols, Near infrared, Water, Atmospheric corrections, Absorption, Remote sensing, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2013 Paper

Evaluating VIIRS ocean color products for west coast and Hawaiian waters

Curtiss Davis, Nicholas Tufillaro, Jasmine Nahorniak, Burton Jones, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8724, 87240J (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016177

KEYWORDS: Satellites, MODIS, Calibration, Sensors, Data archive systems, Remote sensing, Clouds, Data processing, Sensor calibration, Satellite imaging

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2013 Paper

Evaluation of VIIRS ocean color data using measurements from the AERONET-OC sites

Samir Ahmed, Alex Gilerson, Soe Hlaing, Ioannis Ioannou, Menghua Wang, Alan Weidemann, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8724, 87240L (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2017756

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Satellites, Aerosols, Sensors, Calibration, Statistical analysis, Atmospheric corrections, Avalanche photodetectors, Data processing, Ocean optics

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2013 Paper

Improved monitoring of bio-optical processes in coastal and inland waters using high spatial resolution channels on SNPP-VIIRS sensor

Ryan Vandermeulen, Robert Arnone, Sherwin Ladner, Paul Martinolich

Proceedings Volume 8724, 87240O (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2018108

KEYWORDS: Spatial resolution, Atmospheric corrections, Image resolution, Sensors, Ocean optics, Visible radiation, Satellites, Near infrared, Signal to noise ratio, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2013 Paper

Monitoring bio-optical processes using NPP-VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua ocean color products

Robert Arnone, Sherwin Ladner, Giulietta Fargion, Paul Martinolich, Ryan Vandermeulen, Jennifer Bowers, Adam Lawson

Proceedings Volume 8724, 87240Q (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2018180

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Satellites, MODIS, Aerosols, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric particles, Lanthanum, Satellite imaging, Atmospheric corrections, Water

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2013 Paper

Improvements of satellite SST retrievals at full swath

Walton McBride, Robert Arnone, Jean-François Cayula

Proceedings Volume 8724, 87240R (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2018399

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Sun, Spatial resolution, Error analysis, Visualization, Algorithm development, Solids, Optical filters, Satellite imaging, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 19 October 2012 Paper

Coupling ocean models and satellite derived optical fields to estimate LIDAR penetration and detection performance

Sergio deRada, Sherwin Ladner, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8532, 85320T (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007323

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, LIDAR, Ocean optics, Satellites, Coastal modeling, Climatology, Sensors, Data modeling, Performance modeling, Water

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Proceedings Article | 12 June 2012 Paper

Automated ocean color product validation for the Southern California Bight

Curtiss Davis, Nicholas Tufillaro, Burt Jones, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8372, 83720J (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.920617

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Sensors, Calibration, Remote sensing, Satellites, Databases, Visualization, Spectroscopy, Interfaces, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 12 June 2012 Paper

Validation of the VIIRS ocean color

Robert Arnone, Giulietta Fargion, Paul Martinolich, Sherwin Ladner, Adam Lawson, Jennifer Bowers, Michael Ondrusek, Giuseppe Zibordi, ZongPing Lee, Charles Trees, Curtiss Davis, Samuel Ahmed

Proceedings Volume 8372, 83720G (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922949

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Satellites, Sensors, Calibration, Satellite imaging, Ocean optics, Remote sensing, Databases, Reflectivity, Satellite navigation systems

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The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) launched the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite including the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on October 28, 2011 which has the capability to monitor ocean color properties. Four months after launch, we present an initial assessment of the VIIRS ocean color products including inter-comparisons with satellite and in situ observations. Satellite ocean color is used to characterize water quality properties, however, this requires that the sensor is well characterized and calibrated, and that processing addresses atmospheric correction to derive radiometric water leaving radiance (nLw ). These radiometric properties are used to retrieve products such as chlorophyll, optical backscattering and absorption. The JPSS ocean calibration and validation program for VIIRS establishes methods and procedures to insure the accuracy of the retrieved ocean satellite products and to provide methods to improve algorithms and characterize the product uncertainty. A global monitoring network was established to integrate in situ data collection with satellite retrieved water leaving radiance values from ocean color satellites including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and VIIRS. The global network provides a monitoring capability to evaluate the quality of the VIIRS nLw in different areas around the world and enables an evaluation and validation of the products using in situ data and other satellites. Monitoring of ocean color satellite retrievals is performed by tracking the "gain" at the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) and then performing a vicarious adjustment fo reach site. VIIRS ocean color products are compared with MODIS and MERIS retrieved nLw and chlorophyll, and have been shown to provide similar quality. We believe that VIIRS can provide a follow-on to MODIS and MERIS equivalent ocean color products for operational monitoring of water quality. Additional research, including an assessment of stability, a full characterization of the sensor and algorithm comparisons is underway. Weekly sensor calibration tables (look up tables) are produced by JPSS and an evaluation of their impact on ocean color products is ongoing.

Proceedings Article | 12 June 2012 Paper

Airborne LIDAR as a tool for estimating inherent optical properties

Charles Trees, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8372, 83720N (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.920897

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Optical properties, Ocean optics, Data modeling, Water, Analytical research, Lanthanum, Calibration, Satellites, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 12 June 2012 Paper

Probing the subsurface ocean processes using ocean LIDARS

Robert Arnone, Sergio Derada, Sherwin Ladner, Charles Trees

Proceedings Volume 8372, 83720O (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.921103

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Ocean optics, Climatology, Signal attenuation, Transparency, Particles, Scattering, Satellites, Profiling, Water

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Proceedings Article | 12 June 2012 Paper

Forecasting the ocean optical environment in support of Navy mine warfare operations

S. Ladner, R. Arnone, J. Jolliff, B. Casey, K. Matulewski

Proceedings Volume 8372, 83720Z (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.920784

KEYWORDS: Ocean optics, 3D modeling, Satellites, Optical properties, 3D acquisition, 3D metrology, Target detection, Mining, Sensors, Naval mines

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Proceedings Article | 12 June 2012 Paper

Evaluation of atmospheric correction procedures for ocean color data processing using hyper- and multi-spectral radiometric measurements from the Long Island Sound Coastal Observatory

S. Ahmed, A. Gilerson, T. Harmel, S. Hlaing, A. Tonizzo, A. Weidemann, R. Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8372, 83720M (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919900

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Aerosols, Atmospheric corrections, MODIS, Atmospheric particles, Data processing, Atmospheric optics, Reflectivity, Atmospheric modeling, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 12 June 2012 Paper

A methodology for calibration of hyperspectral and multispectral satellite data in coastal areas

Giuliana Pennucci, Giulietta Fargion, Alberto Alvarez, Charles Trees, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8372, 83720K (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.920464

KEYWORDS: Satellites, In situ metrology, Calibration, Ocean optics, MODIS, Satellite imaging, Sensors, Aerosols, Earth observing sensors, Water

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2011 Paper

Uncertainties assessment and satellite validation over 2 years time series of multispectral and hyperspectral measurements in coastal waters at Long Island Sound Coastal Observatory

S. Ahmed, T. Harmel, A. Gilerson, A. Tonizzo, S. Hlaing, A. Weidemann, R. Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8175, 817505 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.898299

KEYWORDS: Satellites, MODIS, Aerosols, Atmospheric optics, Data processing, Atmospheric particles, Atmospheric corrections, Remote sensing, Ocean optics, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2011 Paper

Bidirectional reflectance function in coastal waters: modeling and validation

Alex Gilerson, Soe Hlaing, Tristan Harmel, Alberto Tonizzo, Robert Arnone, Alan Weidemann, Samir Ahmed

Proceedings Volume 8175, 81750O (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.898449

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Magnesium, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Water, Computer simulations, Coastal modeling, Backscatter, Sensors, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2011 Paper

Some insights of spectral optimization in ocean color inversion

Zhongping Lee, Bryan Franz, Shaoling Shang, Qiang Dong, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8175, 817508 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.897875

KEYWORDS: Global system for mobile communications, Remote sensing, Absorption, Data modeling, Ocean optics, Reflectivity, Backscatter, Optimization (mathematics), Water, Spectral models

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2011 Paper

Automated detection and removal of cloud shadows on HICO images

Ruhul Amin, Richard Gould, Weilin Hou, Zhongping Lee, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8030, 803004 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.887761

KEYWORDS: Clouds, Atmospheric corrections, Reflectivity, Sensors, Remote sensing, Detection and tracking algorithms, Ocean optics, Atmospheric optics, Water, Atmospheric sensing

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2011 Paper

Hyperspectral and multispectral above-water radiometric measurements to monitor satellite data quality over coastal area

Samir Ahmed, Tristan Harmel, Alexander Gilerson, Soe Hlaing, Alberto Tonizzo, Curtiss Davis, Alan Weidemann, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 8030, 803002 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884674

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Sun, Data processing, Calibration, Sensors, Atmospheric corrections, Radiometry, Remote sensing, MODIS, Reflectivity

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 January 2011

Ocean color patterns help to predict depth of optical layers in stratified coastal waters

Martín Montes-Hugo, Alan Weidemann, Richard Gould, Robert Arnone, James Churnside, Ewa Jaroz

JARS, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 053548, (January 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3634055

KEYWORDS: Ocean optics, Water, Reflectivity, Optical properties, Remote sensing, Optical testing, Biomedical optics, Geometrical optics, Scattering, In situ metrology

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Proceedings Article | 4 November 2010 Paper

POCIS: a system to generate pseudo top-of-atmosphere ocean color image for sensor and system evaluation

ZhongPing Lee, Robert Arnone, Ronnie Vaughan

Proceedings Volume 7858, 78581M (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.881155

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Sensors, Satellites, Remote sensing, Reflectivity, Image sensors, Data conversion, Image processing, Ecosystems, Water

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2010 Paper

Glider optical measurements and BUFR format for data QC and storage

Weilin (Will) Hou, Michael Carnes, Derek Burrage, Bob Arnone, Alan Weidemann, Danielle Bryant, Ken Grembowicz, Samuel Mangin, Kevin Mahoney, Marc Torres

Proceedings Volume 7678, 76780F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.851361

KEYWORDS: Ocean optics, Data storage, Sensors, Optical testing, Remote sensing, Binary data, Data modeling, Environmental sensing, Optical sensors, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2010 Paper

Quantification of uncertainties in remotely derived optical properties of coastal and oceanic waters

ZhongPing Lee, Robert Arnone, Chuanmin Hu, P. Jeremy Werdell, Bertrand Lubac

Proceedings Volume 7678, 767802 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849455

KEYWORDS: Optical properties, Remote sensing, Water, Absorption, Satellites, Computer simulations, Algorithm development, Sensors, Backscatter, Ocean optics

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 2009 Paper

Spectral variability of airborne ocean color data linked to variations in lidar backscattering profiles

M. Montes-Hugo, R. Gould, Z. Lee, R. Arnone, D. Gray, J. Churnside

Proceedings Volume 7459, 74590F (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.840551

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Backscatter, Ocean optics, Sensors, Water, Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Optical properties, Optical testing, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 2009 Paper

Beyond the first optical depth: fusing optical data from ocean color imagery and gliders

M. Montes-Hugo, R. Gould, R. Arnone, H. Ducklow, K. Carder, D. English, O. Schofield, J. Kerfoot

Proceedings Volume 7459, 74590N (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831429

KEYWORDS: Ocean optics, Satellites, Particles, Backscatter, Optical properties, Water, Optical testing, Data modeling, 3D modeling, Satellite imaging

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2009 Paper

Defining the uncertainty of electro-optical identification system performance estimates using a 3D optical environment derived from satellite

S. Ladner, R. Arnone, B. Casey, A. Weidemann, D. Gray, I. Shulman, K. Mahoney, T. Giddings, J. Shirron

Proceedings Volume 7317, 731705 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.821724

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Ocean optics, Satellites, Optical properties, Electro optical modeling, Sensors, Image quality, 3D acquisition, 3D metrology, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 29 April 2009 Paper

Polarization characteristics of coastal waters and their impact on in-water visibility

Jing Zhou, Alberto Tonizzo, Alex Gilerson, Michael Twardowski, Deric Gray, Alan Weidemann, Robert Arnone, Barry Gross, Fred Moshary, Sam Ahmed

Proceedings Volume 7317, 73170H (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.820738

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Scattering, Light scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Visibility, Ocean optics, Submerged target modeling, Cameras, Polarizers, Point spread functions

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 December 2007

Water and bottom properties of a coastal environment derived from Hyperion data measured from the EO-1 spacecraft platform

Zhongping Lee, Brandon Casey, Robert Arnone, Alan Weidemann, Rost Parsons, Marcos Montes, Bo-Cai Gao, Wesley Goode, Curtiss Davis, Julie Dye

JARS, Vol. 1, Issue 01, 011502, (December 2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2822610

KEYWORDS: Water, LIDAR, Sensors, Reflectivity, Absorption, Sun, Remote sensing, In situ metrology, Environmental sensing, Atmospheric corrections

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 2007 Paper

Automated validation of satellite derived coastal optical products

P. Lyon, R. Arnone, R. Gould, Z. Lee, P. Martinolich, S. Ladner, B. Casey, H. Sosik, D. Vandemark, H. Feng, R. Morrison

Proceedings Volume 6680, 66800E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.736576

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Aerosols, Atmospheric corrections, Atmospheric optics, Data modeling, Water, Optical properties, MODIS, Ocean optics, Atmospheric modeling

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2007 Paper

Simple and efficient technique for spatial/temporal composite imagery

Brandon Casey, Robert Arnone, Peter Flynn

Proceedings Volume 6680, 668014 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.737329

KEYWORDS: Composites, MODIS, Clouds, Remote sensing, Satellites, Analytical research, Atmospheric corrections, Magnesium, Satellite imaging, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2007 Paper

Forecasting coastal optical properties using ocean color and coastal circulation models

R. Arnone, B. Casey, D. Ko, P. Flynn, L. Carrolo, S. Ladner

Proceedings Volume 6680, 66800S (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.737201

KEYWORDS: Particles, 3D modeling, Satellites, Coastal modeling, Backscatter, Ocean optics, MODIS, Optical properties, Satellite imaging, Image processing

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Coupling the 3-d ocean optical imagery with 3-d circulation models provides a new capability to understand coastal processes. Particle distribution derived from ocean color optical properties were coupled with numerical circulation models to determine a 24 hour forecast of particle concentrations. A 3-d particle concentration field for the coastal ocean was created by extending the surface satellite bio-optical properties vertically by parameterzing an expediential Gaussian depth profile. The shape of the vertical particle profile was constrained by 1) the depth of the 1% light level 2) the mixed layer depth 3) the intensity of the layer stratification 4) and subsurface current field and the surface bio-optical properties. These properties were obtained from MODIS ocean optical products (phytoplankton absorption and backscattering) and the Intra-America Sea Nowcast Forecast System - Naval Coastal Ocean Model. The 3-d particle distribution was imbedded into a 3-d circulation model and the particles advected hourly using forecast model 3-d current. The particles were diffused, dispersed and differentially settled during the advection processes. Following the 24 hour advection, the resultant particle distribution were accumulated into 1 km spatial grid and vertically to a 1 attenuation length (satellite penetration depth) and the forecast ocean color backscattering image determined. The forecast image was compared with the next day ocean color backscattering image to define the error budget. The ocean color particle tracking, defines fine spatial scales processes such as local upwelling and downwelling, which are essential in understanding the coupling of physical and bio-optical processes. The methods provide new capability for characterizing how subsurface particles layers change in response to cross and along shelf exchange processes. Results show methods to forecast satellite optical properties in coastal areas and examine how sequential MODIS imagery of the particle scattering is related to particle transport and physical processes

Proceedings Article | 5 October 2007 Paper

Development of finer spatial resolution optical properties from MODIS

S. Ladner, J. Sandidge, P. Lyon, R. Arnone, R. Gould, Z. Lee, P. Martinolich

Proceedings Volume 6680, 668013 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.736845

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric corrections, MODIS, Aerosols, Near infrared, Short wave infrared radiation, Spatial resolution, Absorption, Satellites, Optical properties, Backscatter

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Typical MODIS ocean color products are at 1 kilometer (km) spatial resolution, although two 250 meter (m) and five 500 m bands are also available on the sensor. We couple these higher resolution bands with the 1km bands to produce pseudo-250m resolution MODIS bio-optical properties. Finer resolution bio-optical products from space significantly improve our capability for monitoring coastal ocean and estuarine processes. Additionally, increased resolution is required for validation of ocean color products in coastal regions due to the shorter spatial scales of coastal processes and greater variability compared to open-ocean regions. Using the 250m bands coupled with the 1km and 500m bands (which are bi-linearly interpolated to 250m resolution), we estimate remote sensing reflectances (Rrs) at 250m resolution following atmospheric correction. The aerosol correction makes use of the 1km near infrared (NIR) bands at 748 nanometers (nm) and 869 nm to determine aerosol type and concentration. The water leaving radiances in the NIR bands are modeled from retrieved water leaving radiances in the visible bands using the short wave infrared (SWIR) channels at 1240 nm and 2130 nm. The increased resolution spectral Rrs channels are input into bio-optical algorithms (Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA), Water Mass Classification, OC2, etc.) that have traditionally used the 1 km reflectances resulting in finer resolution products. Finer resolution bio-optical properties are demonstrated in bays, estuaries, and coastal regions providing new capabilities for MODIS applications in coastal areas. The finer resolution products of total absorption (at), phytoplankton absorption (aph), Color-Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) absorption (ag) and backscattering (bb) are compared with the 1km products and in situ observations. We demonstrate that finer resolution is required for validation of coastal products in order to improve match ups of in situ data with the high spatial variability of satellite properties in coastal regions.

Proceedings Article | 5 October 2007 Paper

Determination of primary bands for global ocean-color remote sensing

ZhongPing Lee, Robert Arnone, Kendall Carder, MingXia He

Proceedings Volume 6680, 66800D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.731940

KEYWORDS: Remote sensing, Sensors, Water, Reflectivity, Ocean optics, MODIS, Absorption, Satellites, Atmospheric corrections, Environmental sensing

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Proceedings Article | 13 April 2007 Paper

Restoring number of suspended particles in ocean using satellite optical images and forecasting particle fields

Vladimir Haltrin, Robert Arnone, Peter Flynn, Brandon Casey, Alan Weidemann, Dong-Shang Ko

Proceedings Volume 6615, 661504 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.740435

KEYWORDS: Particles, Scattering, Satellites, Ocean optics, Backscatter, Satellite imaging, Refractive index, Earth observing sensors, Water, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 14 January 2002 Paper

Effective wavelength as a universal parameter of hyperspectral light radiance upwelling from the sea

Vladimir Haltrin, Robert Arnone, Vyacheslav Urdenko

Proceedings Volume 4488, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452810

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Ocean optics, Signal attenuation, Optical properties, Scattering, Water, Atmospheric optics, Visible radiation, Light scattering, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 6 February 1997 Paper

Remote sensing reflectance of case 2 waters

Robert Arnone, Michael Sydor, Richard Gould

Proceedings Volume 2963, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.266446

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Scattering, Particles, Remote sensing, Solids, Absorption filters, Reflectivity, Optical testing, Multiple scattering, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 6 February 1997 Paper

Variability of remote sensing reflectance and absorption spectra in the western Arabian Sea

Richard Gould, Robert Arnone, David Phinney, Curtiss Davis

Proceedings Volume 2963, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.266414

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Reflectivity, Scattering, Remote sensing, Biological research, Statistical analysis, Absorption filters, Spectrophotometry, Ocean optics, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 1994 Paper

Extending Coastal Zone Color Scanner estimates of the diffuse attenuation coefficient into Case II waters

Richard Gould, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 2258, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.190077

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Data modeling, Algorithm development, Image processing, Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Ocean optics, Signal attenuation, Atmospheric corrections, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 1994 Paper

Effects of vertical chlorophyll structure and solar irradiance on remote sensing of the ocean color spectrum

Robert Arnone, Richard Gould, Ramon Oriol, Gregory Terrie

Proceedings Volume 2258, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.190075

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Ocean optics, Atmospheric particles, Clouds, Aerosols, Absorption, Ozone, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 22 December 1992 Paper

Spectral and spatial variability of solar irradiance in the North Atlantic

Gregory Terrie, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 1749, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.138856

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Clouds, Transmittance, Atmospheric modeling, Ozone, Rayleigh scattering, Databases, Scattering, Data modeling, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 22 December 1992 Paper

Dependence of ocean heating on the distribution of spectral irradiance in the North Atlantic

Robert Arnone, Gregory Terrie, Paul Martin

Proceedings Volume 1749, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.138866

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Visible radiation, Aerosols, Ocean optics, Atmospheric modeling, Satellites, Interfaces, Clouds, Optical properties, Ozone

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1991 Paper

Impact on the medium MTF by model estimation of b

Leland Estep, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 1537, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.48873

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, Scattering, Underwater imaging, Spatial frequencies, Light scattering, Signal attenuation, Error analysis, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric particles, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 1990 Paper

Bottom-reflectance discrimination using water-leaving radiance from coastal zone color scanner

Robert Arnone, Ramon Oriol, Charles Trees, James Mueller

Proceedings Volume 1302, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.34726

KEYWORDS: Ocean optics, Reflectivity, Composites, Signal attenuation, Scattering, Channel projecting optics, Atmospheric corrections, Aerosols, Image resolution, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 1990 Paper

Evaluation of coastal zone color scanner diffuse attenuation coefficient algorithms for application to coastal waters

James Mueller, Charles Trees, Robert Arnone

Proceedings Volume 1302, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.21435

KEYWORDS: Ocean optics, Signal attenuation, Algorithm development, Remote sensing, Solids, Data modeling, Scanners, Radon, Atmospheric corrections, Coastal modeling

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