Since III-nitride semiconductor-based ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are compact and efficient, they can be suggested as a substitute for conventional arc-lamps. However, reported UV LEDs focused on a narrow range of UV spectrum contrary to conventional arc-lamps. Here, we introduce GaN quantum dots (QDs) grown on different facets of hexagonal truncated pyramid structures on a conventional sapphire substrate. These structures include semipolar facets as well as a polar facet, which obtain intrinsically different piezoelectric fields and growth rates of QDs. Consequently, we demonstrated a plateau-like broadband UV emitter ranging from UV-C to UV-A from the GaN QDs.
In recent decades, literatures about visible vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been reported. However, due to high optical loss in the cavity, lasing from deep ultraviolet (DUV) VCSEL was still rarely achieved. The optical loss in nitride DUV microcavity was analyzed in detail. DUV nitride vertical Fabry–Pérot microcavity with active layer of AlGaN-based quantum dots and double-side HfO2 / SiO2 distributed bragger reflectors was fabricated. Optical losses with of the order of 103 cm − 1 were deduced from the Q value of the cavity modes. The main origination of optical loss in DUV cavity was calculated and ascribed to the interface scattering. The interface roughness appearing after laser lift-off process and overlap between rough interface and standing optical wave were two key parameters that contributed to interface scattering loss. We believe that our results will provide useful information for improving DUV VCSEL devices.
The high-gain photomultiplier tube (PMT) is the most popular method to detect weak ultra-violet signals which attenuate quickly in atmosphere, although the vacuum tube makes it fragile and difficult to integrate. To overcome the disadvantage of PMT, an AlN/GaN periodically–stacked-structure (PSS) avalanche photodiode (APD) has been proposed, finally achieving good quality of high gain and low excessive noise. As there is a deep г valley only in the conduction band of both GaN and AlN, the electron transfers suffering less scattering and thus becomes easier to obtain the threshold of ionization impact. Because of unipolar ionization in the PSS APD, it works in linear mode. Four prototype devices of 5-period, 10-period, 15-period, and 20-period were fabricated to verify that the gain of APD increases exponentially with period number. And in 20-period device, a recorded high and stable gain of 104 was achieved under constant bias. In addition, it is proved both experimentally and theoretically, that temperature stability on gain is significantly improved in PSS APD. And it is found that the resonant enhancement in interfacial ionization may bring significant enhancement of electron ionization performance. To make further progress in PSS APD, the device structure is investigated by simulation. Both the gain and temperature stability are optimized alternatively by a proper design of periodical thickness and AlN layer occupancy.
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