In this paper, we present an electronic nose ammonia gas monitoring via IoT system for Chlorella sp. cultivation. The MQ–137 gas sensor module is selected as the primary sensor for measuring ammonia gas concentration. The pH sensor module is the sensor for measuring the pH levels in Chlorella sp. ponds. The MQ–137 gas sensors are calibrated with a known concentration of ammonia gas in the calibration box. Calibration conditions are set corresponding to low concentration of ammonia gas produced by Chlorella sp. cultivation. The pH sensor module is calibrated against a standard pH buffer. The calibration data obtained from the calibration method is input into computer programming and processed by the ESP8266 microprocessor. After calibration, the MQ–137 gas sensor and pH sensor modules are used to measure the ammonia gas concentration and pH levels in the Chlorella sp. ponds. Chlorella sp. is cultivated under three conditions of light intensity, natural light with an average light intensity of 1521 Lux, and artificial light with a light intensity of 1000 Lux and 2000 Lux, respectively. The ammonia gas concentration and pH levels of Chlorella sp. cultivation are transferred to the cloud system and displayed via the IoT system. And the system can also send a notification to a smartphone when ammonia gas concentration and the pH levels reach the specified value.
This paper presents the method and experimental results of the construction and reconstruction of three dimensions conical holography. He-Ne laser is used as the construction light source. Then the construction light is shone on top of a transparency conical cup, where a plain holographic film is wrapped around and attached to its surface. The object is located at the bottom of the cup. In this manner, the cup acts as a captured screen. After exposure, the film is developed and fixed by a chemical solution. The three-dimensional holography is recorded in the film. For reconstruction, we used red LED and flashlight as a reconstruction light source. The film is wrapped around and attached to the surface of the cup again. When the reconstruction light shines on the cup, the three-dimensional holography appears in the center of the cup. The cup is rotated in step, each step is 45 degrees, and the image is recorded by the digital camera. Experimental results show that the 360 degrees three-dimensional holographic image is successfully reconstructed. In conclusion, we could apply the method to create a three-dimensional holographic for displaying in all directions.
This paper focused for possibility to use RGB-LED module as a tunable light source for absorption spectroscope. Nowadays, commercial instrument uses Xenon lamp with Monochromator to select a specific wavelength for tested some properties on a sample. This part is a core of performance in an instrument and it increase cost of an instrument. In this paper, RGB-LED module will replace for a part of Xenon lamp and Monochromator to select a specific wavelength for measurement absorption or transmission properties. By used Arduino controller with pulse-width modulation method (PWM), a specific wavelength can control by mixed light that emitted from RGB-LED module. Resolution from this method can tuned an optical wavelength in range of visible light (400-700 nm) by 5 nm. Results from this work had difference from the commercial instrument less than 5%. Accuracy of this setup was proved with standard deviation (SD) and uncertainty about 0.0904 and 0.0286. This work can apply for light source to studies absorption or transmission properties of material in basics laboratory.
Aim of this paper was to study, setup, and calibrate an elongation measurement by using 1- Dimensional Image Correlation method (1-DIC). To confirm our method and setup correctness, we need calibration with other methods. In this paper, we used a small spring as a sample to find a result in terms of spring constant. With a fundamental of Image Correlation method, images of formed and deformed samples were compared to understand the difference between deformed process. By comparing the location of reference point on both image’s pixel, the spring's elongation were calculated. Then, the results have been compared with the spring constants, which were found from Hooke’s law. The percentage of 5 percent error has been found. This DIC method, then, would be applied to measure the elongation of some different kinds of small fiber samples.
We propose a novel scheme of communication security using dark-bright soliton conversion behaviors in which the transmission signals can be secured by using the random codes generated by dark-bright soliton conversion within the system. The system consists of two parts, where first, an optical Mach Zhender interferometer (MZI) is used to generate the coincidence dark and bright soliton pair by using the (π/2) phase retarder (i.e., a coupler), in which |D〉 and |B〉 states represent the orthogonal dark and bright soliton pulses. The signals from through (Th) port are formed and transmitted via the transmission line to the end user. Second, the add/drop filter is used to separate(filter) the required signal form the transmission link, in which the Th and drop port signals are formed as a reference and signal, respectively. In this case, we assume that both solitons are input into the MZI ports simultaneously (coincidently), in which the binary codes are randomly formed and used to present the transmission data, in which the states "0" and "1" are represented by |DB〉 and |BD〉, respectively. Finally, the eavesdropper and signal accuracy are also described.
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