SignificanceLaparoscopy has become the standard of care for surgery in the chest and abdomen but is typically unavailable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This inaccessibility is partly due to a high initial equipment purchase price, ongoing maintenance costs, unreliable electricity, shortage of biomedical technicians, and limited sterilization facilities.AimTo address these challenges, a low-cost, durable, reusable laparoscopic system (KeyScope) was designed for use in LMICs.ApproachThrough an iterative human-centered design approach, the performance of the KeyScope was optimized by comparing standard image quality metrics to a commercially available standard-of-care (SOC) laparoscope.ResultsThe latest version of the KeyScope has comparable or better resolving power, lens distortion, field of view, depth of field, and color reproduction accuracy to a SOC laparoscope (Precision Ideal Eyes HD Laparoscope, Stryker) at working distances commonly used during laparoscopic surgery (3 to 13 cm). Interference from electrocautery was eliminated by shielding the camera ground from the housing ground. Finally, the entire KeyScope is equipped for production and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa, as the device can be submerged in Cidex and can be easily assembled in Uganda in under 1 h.ConclusionThese results suggest that the KeyScope has achieved the performance criteria needed for surgical care in LMICs.
SignificanceLaparoscopic surgery is generally unavailable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to the high cost of installation and lack of qualified personnel to maintain and repair equipment. We developed a low-cost, durable, reusable laparoscopic system, called the KeyScope laparoscope, for use in LMICs. To reliably build and service the KeyScope in LMICs, a portable testing chamber (PTC) is needed to assess image performance.AimA PTC was developed to characterize KeyScope laparoscope performance in LMICs.ApproachImages of standard resolution, color accuracy, distortion, and depth of field (DOF) targets were captured in both a standard optical bench setup (OBS) and the PTC. Measurements from the OBS and PTC were quantified and compared using standard software (ImageJ and Imatest). To further reduce cost, alternative paper imaging targets were identified and compared with standard glass targets. To improve usability, MATLAB applications (apps) were developed to automate image analysis and reduce cost.ResultsThe PTC achieved similar results compared to the OBS for the image quality metrics, distortion and DOF. Further, the PTC presented similar results to the OBS for resolution at 4 to 7 cm working distances and improved resolution at periphery working distances of 3 and 10 cm. Color accuracy values were also improved in the PTC compared with those measured in the OBS. The low-cost resolution, color accuracy, and distortion targets resulted in similar image quality results to the standard image quality target. MATLAB apps produced similar results to Imatest and ImageJ software and decreased the time to complete image quality test analysis.ConclusionThe low-cost portable design of the PTC will facilitate the translation of the KeyScope by enabling accurate and fast characterization of laparoscopic imaging performance in LMICs.
Digital diagnostic pathology has become one of the most valuable and convenient advancements in technology over the
past years. It allows us to acquire, store and analyze pathological information from the images of histological and
immunohistochemical glass slides which are scanned to create digital slides. In this study, efficient fractal, wavelet-based
polarimetric techniques for histological analysis of monolayer lung cancer cells will be introduced and different
monolayer cancer lines will be studied. The outcome of this study indicates that application of fractal, wavelet
polarimetric principles towards the analysis of squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines may be
proved extremely useful in discriminating among healthy and lung cancer cells as well as differentiating among different
lung cancer cells.
Small unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs (SUAVs), micro air vehicles (MAVs), Automated Target Recognition (ATR), and munitions guidance, require extreme operational agility and robustness which can be partially offset by efficient bioinspired imaging sensor designs capable to provide enhanced guidance, navigation and control capabilities (GNC). Bioinspired-based imaging technology can be proved useful either for long-distance surveillance of targets in a cluttered environment, or at close distances limited by space surroundings and obstructions. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenology of image formation by different insect eye architectures, which would directly benefit the areas of defense and security, on the following four distinct areas: a) fabrication of the bioinspired sensor b) optical architecture, c) topology, and d) artificial intelligence. The outcome of this study indicates that bioinspired imaging can impact the areas of defense and security significantly by dedicated designs fitting into different combat scenarios and applications.
The unique functional characteristics of nanostructured material are stemming mainly from a large surface-to-volume-ratio and on quantum effects; can yield numerous potential space defense applications. The objective of this study is to explore the polarimetric characterization of polymer nanomaterials, using Mueller matrix and Stokes parameters analysis. Specifically, gold nanoparticles were dispersed within a matrix of two-different polymer domains and their polarimetric response to infrared light was studied.
The objective of the study is to present integrative paradigms highlighting their applicability of polarimetry to multidisciplinary areas such as space defense and bioscience applications. Polarimetric sensing and imaging offer unique advantages for a wide range of detection and classification problems due to the intrinsic potential for high contrast in different polarization components of the backscattered light. Indeed, polarized imaging can yield high-specificity images under high-dynamic range and extreme condition scenarios, in scattering media, or cluttered environments, offering at the same instance information related to the object material composition and its surface characteristics. In this study, a new imaging approach based on polarimetric detection principles will be introduced and the Mueller matrix formalism will be defined, and will be applied for space applications, such as detection of unresolved objects, as well as for early cancer detection. The design principles of the liquid crystal polarimetric imaging system will be introduced and related to operating conditions and system performance metrics. The depolarization, diattenuation, and retardance of the materials will be estimated using Mueller matrix decomposition for different aspect angles.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.