According to satellite monitoring data, the paper provides an analysis of the long-term dynamics of forest fires on the territory of five regions - the Irkutsk Region, the Republic of Buryatia, Transbaikalia, the Amur Region, and the Khabarovsk Territory. In the period 2004-2018, the changes in the area of forest fires (burned area) and the number of fires were. Climatic and circulation factors are considered as the causes of the forest fires. The key factors of high forest fire intensity are the processes of anticyclogenesis, which are developed with the strengthening of the meridional forms of atmospheric circulation in recent decades in Eastern Siberia. The high frequency of blocking anticyclones in the period May-June determines the long-term maintenance of the warm and dry air mass. In the long-term dynamics throughout the study area, there is an increase in temperature and a decrease in relative humidity.
The mesosphere and lower thermosphere are the least studied areas of the earth atmosphere. The reason for this is the lack of monitoring. We have instrument for measuring wind speed - the Fabry-Perot interferometer of the ISTP SB RAS which was used for study atmosphere dynamics in two winter periods - 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Sudden stratospheric warming's (SSW) are investigated according to the ERA-Interim reanalysis archive. In 2017 and 2018, the interferometer data on wind speed at an altitude of 90 km showed a responses to the SSW, with different vertical and horizontal structure, which were occurred at the different of the quasi-biennial oscillation phases.
Since 1996, a low-water period has been observed in the Lake Baikal basin. The decrease of inflow to Lake Baikal is related to reduce of the summer discharge of the Selenga River, whose basin makes 83.4% of Lake Baikal catchment area. The decrease of river discharge is mainly due to a decrease of midsummer precipitations over the basin that occurs, preferentially, when the frontal system of the East Asian summer monsoon weakens. Some authors suggested that the reason for the East Asian summer monsoon variations is the features of atmospheric circulation at the mid- and high latitudes of Eurasia. In particular, atmospheric blockings can play an important role. We previously showed the features of formation of July rainfall in the Selenga River basin in different positions of blocking over Eurasia. We showed that precipitation tends to fall out in Mongolian part of the river basin when blocking is displaced from Western Siberia (WS) to Eastern Siberia (ES). Blocking in these cases may have a dipole configuration with anticyclonic part over Eastern Siberia and cyclonic part over Mongolia. In this work we continue to study blockings over Siberia and their relations with precipitation in the Selenga River basin in July. As a result we have formulated the following summaries regarding the relationship of WS-blocking and precipitation in the Selenga basin. 1. The maximum amount of precipitation is possible in case of complete blocking offset from West to East Siberia and formation of blocking over the eastern Siberia. 2. The amount of precipitation is not high if the blocking moves from the WS to the ES without formation of blocking over the eastern Siberia. 3. Precipitation in the basin does not fall out in the case of the blocking, which weakly shifts at the end of their life cycle. 4. There is a relationship between lifetime, intensity blocking and its movement over the WS. The stronger the blocking over the WS, the less it moves.
We study the atmospheric blocking event evolution peculiarities over the Siberia and Far Eastern region (Russia) during summertime. Compared are two methods to identify blockings: from the 500 hPa (Z500) isobaric surface height distribution, and from the potential temperature at the dynamic tropopause (PV-θ) for every July 1979 through 2016. We revealed the situations, where blockings are identified only in one of the characteristics. Blocking identification by the PV-θ characteristics is complicated in the cases, when its cyclonic part appears to be filled with air masses of the southern origin, due to which there is no meridional gradient reversal in the PV-θ region. In the Z500 region, the difficulties to identify blocking events may arise in those cases, when the baric field fails to adapt to rapid changes in the temperature field associated with the air mass advection. For example, such events often occur over the ocean surface. We performed a synoptic analysis for several blocking events from the data on the velocity field dynamics at 850 hPа and PV-θ supplemented by the analysis of the observational rainfall data at the stations during those events. Distinguished were several stages of the blocking evolution over the Siberia and Far Eastern region that involved air masses from the East Asian summer monsoon region: 1. The formation of a blocking over Western Siberia; 2. Cold inflow on the blocking eastern periphery, the East Asian summer monsoon front activation, and a cyclone formation (east of Lake Baikal), in whose system the monsoon air was actively involved. Such monsoon cyclones, as a rule, are deep long-living formations, and they bring abnormal precipitations; 3. The formation of a ridge or anticyclone east of the monsoon cyclone, caused by the advection of the same monsoon flow, whose part is involved in a cyclone system. In general, the East Asian summer monsoon influence comes to the effects of regeneration and intensification of the blocking circulating systems. Those effects are often accompanied by strong droughts in some regions and floods in others.
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