KEYWORDS: Systems modeling, Model-based design, Systems engineering, Micro optical fluidics, Algorithm development, Control systems, Composites, Chaos, Associative arrays, Analytical research
This paper created Structure-Behavior Coalescence (SBC) State Analysis Ontology (SAO) for model-based systems engineering. Since the state analysis capability has been utilized in SBC state analysis ontology, the mapping from the ontology to the systems model can be effectively achieved.
A model of the subsurface irradiance distribution that is based on the two-flow equations and allows for variations of the concentrations of various water quality constituents with depth has been described by Bostater, Ma, and McNally. This model allows output of the irradiance spectra at various depths. By combining the two-flow model with the hydrodynamic model of Blumberg and Mellor, the effect of the absorption of irradiance as a function of wavelength and depth on water temperature, density, turbulent kinetic energy, pressure, and the resulting circulation in an idealized ocean basin is studied. The two-flow model is set up to allow variation of the water quality parameters to occur in three layers, any number of layers, or to be constant with depth and thus affect the absorption of the sun's energy. Three simulations were run using (a) clear water coefficients, (b) a vertical distribution of chlorophyll, and (c) a vertical distribution of suspended sediments. For comparison, coefficients and attenuation for various water types included in the Princeton Ocean Model were used for comparison.
An analytical solution to the two-flow equations developed by Bostater, et al. is modified, and a sensitivity analysis is performed on the remote sensing model which contains both diffuse and specular light components. The resulting model simulates the solution to two different cases of the two- flow equations. The Case I model uses the two-flow irradiance equations where sub-surface collimated or specular irradiance is evaluated implicitly. All of the irradiance is assumed to become completely diffuse when it enters the water column. The Case II model uses equations that explicitly include collimated irradiance in the water column. Both models are simulated in three different ways in this paper based on the vertical distribution of the constituents in the water column. The concentrations of the water quality parameters can be assumed (a) constant with depth, (b) divided into three distinct layers with different concentrations in each layer, or (c) divided into n layers of differing concentrations. The solutions to the two-flow equations with and without the specular, collimated irradiance and assuming a uniform water column, are given by Bostater et. a. This paper focuses on the derivation of the layered Case I and II models, a sensitivity analysis performed on the Case II model coefficients, and comparisons of the output from the differing model assumptions are presented.
A simplified two-flow model derived from the radiative transfer problem applicable to a water column is described and applied. The application of the model to reflectance signatures measured in Delaware Bay estuarine waters is described. The shapes of the reflectance signatures compare nicely with field data, although the absolute magnitudes of reflectance are different. The model could be improved if a more realistic non-homogeneous model is applied or actual absorption coefficients were measured. An analytic two-flow model was developed and the sensitivity analysis runs for estimating radiance reflectance (nadir view geometry) above the water surface suggest that the most important in-situ parameters are absorption coefficient, the internal diffuse reflectance coefficient, and the backscatter coefficient.
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