Digital holographic microscopy has been widely adopted in the field of biology because of its ability of quantifying phase information. Unlike those conventional transmission-type phase imaging techniques, reflective digital holographic microscopy can be applied in the field of display industry or semiconductor industry for inspecting unwanted defects in a certain fabrication process. Consequently, it is necessary and required to achieve large field of view and resolution enhancement to meet the demands on the fast and accurate shape measurement. To increase the minimum resolution, we are going to adopt programmable illumination patterns by the use of fast-activating digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) referring to Fourier ptychographic illumination. In this work, to expand space bandwidth product in reflection-type digital holographic microscopy (RDHM) configuration, we apply a fast-activating digital micro-mirror device for a amplitude-type spatial light modulator and a micro-lens array in the reference arm of a conventional RDHM.
We have successfully implemented and reported 360-degree viewable tabletop-style holographic display prototype systems. In order to support 360 degree horizontal viewing angle, which is very much wider than previous systems, we used binary amplitude modulating DMD device as SLM of the display system. DMD has higher total data rate due to its high refresh rate, which is denoted as extended SBP or eSBP, than other SLM devices like LCD or LCoS. This is much beneficial for the system design aiming at wider viewing angle or larger image size. However, Binary amplitude modulating hologram has inherent limitation in terms of resulting hologram image quality, and thus there has been lots of studies on quality-improving coding algorithms like BERD or DBS. In this paper, pros and cons of using DMD in holographic display system are discussed, and in-depth analysis and experimental results are presented on the behavior and limitations of the reconstructed image quality based on our prototype system. Image quality is measured with various metrics like 3D-MTF, depth resolution and color reproducing fidelity for different pixel resolutions from QVGA up to 4K UHD. 3D-MTF represents lateral image resolution and depth resolution has to do with degree of supporting accommodation of human vision in holographic displays. Based on these observations, we draw some projection on the required pixel resolutions of binary modulating SLM device for achieving acceptable hologram image quality.
Generally in electronic holographic display systems, coherent light sources are used to reconstruct holograms. The random distribution of phase profile of an object image causes unwanted dark and bright spots to degrade reconstructed hologram images. In addition, a periodic structure of available spatial light modulators such as liquid crystal on silicon devices and digital micro-mirror devices generates various diffractive signals when they are illuminated by coherent light sources. Consequently, it is necessary to select a proper signal band in spatial frequency domain by effectively filtering out unwanted signals. In this paper, the speckle pattern in a table-top holographic display system is measured and the method for reducing the speckle patterns is to be shown.
We have designed and successfully implemented 360-degree viewable holographic display prototype systems. Core idea of the system design lies in the exploitation of fast operating speed of DMD for binary amplitude modulation of light field, being distributed to more than 1,000 viewpoints along the 360 degree viewing circumference. Slanted downward viewing angle and 360 degree viewable 3-dimensional(3D) image over the center of tabletop display is achieved by specially designed optics. As a result, solid-looking 3D moving color images of larger than 3 inches are rendered and observed by several viewers at the same time from different viewing positions. We have implemented and experimented several variations of the system. They are tiling of SLM modules(2x2 tiling with 4 DMDs for mono-color display and 1x2 tiling with 6 DMDs for color display), using different SLMs(DMD of pixel pitch 13.68μm and resolution 1,024x768, DMD of pixel pitch 10.8μm and resolution 1,920x1,200), and applying different structure of image floating optics((1)double parabolic mirrors, (2)one parabolic mirror and one beam splitter, (3)two spherical and one flat mirror). We report the result of various display system implementations based on several combinations of above-mentioned design options.
Space bandwidth product (SBP) is one of the most significant limitation for displaying the digital holographic display. Due to the SBP problem, the size and viewing angle of displayed holograms cannot be enlarged simultaneously. To overcome the SBP problem, holographic projection system has been researched. It uses a field lens to converge diffracted light from a spatial light modulator (SLM) into a viewing window, where the observer can see whole hologram image displayed on the SLM. However, it has a problem that the viewing distance between the display and observer cannot be controlled and fixed on the viewing window plane. We propose a method to control the position of viewing window formation in the holographic projection system by using an electrically focus tunable lens. We added the focus tunable lens in the holographic projection system, and the position of the viewing window can be controlled by its lens power variation. The principle of controlling viewing window in the proposed system is described, and the relationship among the optical power of focus tunable lens, location and size of the viewing window is analyzed. A computer generated hologram encoding based on Fresnel diffraction theory is developed to generate hologram contents for the proposed system with consideration of varying optical power of the focus tunable lens. Test-bed is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, and the experimental results confirm that the proposed method can effectively control the viewing window position of the holographic projection system.
In this paper, we use an optical method for the implementation of spatially-tiled digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) to expand space bandwidth product in general digital holographic display systems. In concatenating more than two spatial light modulators (SLMs) optically, there may exist both phase discontinuity and amplitude mismatching of hologram images emanating from two adjacent SLMs. To observe and estimate those properties in digital holographic display systems, we adopt quantitative phase imaging technique based on transport of intensity equation.
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