Dr. Zoubeida Ounaies Profile

Dr. Zoubeida Ounaies

Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Pennsylvania State Univ

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author | Editor

Publications (41)

Proceedings Article | 20 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Kinetic bistable flaps actuated with magneto-active elastomers

Elena Vazquez, Zoubeida Ounaies, Jose Duarte

Proceedings Volume 12044, 1204404 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612851

KEYWORDS: Magnetism, Smart materials, Actuators, Skin, Particles, Composites, Carbon, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Tuning the triboelectric polarity of PDMS film through thermal treatment

Xiaoyue Zhao, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 12044, 1204407 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612702

KEYWORDS: Surface roughness, Thermal effects, Surface properties, Energy harvesting

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Towards complex microarchitectural composites using multi-field processing

Md Al Masud, Anil Erol, Connor Edson, Zoubeida Ounaies, Paris von Lockette

Proceedings Volume 10968, 109680G (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2515259

KEYWORDS: Magnetism, Particles, Composites, Polymers, Dielectrics, Dielectrophoresis, Computer simulations, Nanocomposites

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In this study, we investigate the hierarchical microarchitecture formation of magnetic barium hexaferrite (BF) platelets in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using electric and magnetic field assembly technique. First, external fields are applied to the colloidal solution to form the microstructure before curing the composites. After microstructure formation, the composites are thermally cured to freeze the microstructure. We investigate two different cases in this study-(1) magnetic field processed composites and (2) multi-field processed composites, which were processed under both magnetic and electric fields. We observe that macro-chains formed due to simultaneous application of electric and magnetic fields had a much higher length compared to the macro-chains formed due to just magnetic field. For both cases individual BHFs are found to be oriented in the direction of the external field. The analysis of SEM microstructures using ImageJ and MATLAB showed that at least two different levels of hierarchies are present in the microstructure for both cases, which are referred to as BHF stacks and micro-chains. From the experimental quantitative microstructure analysis, BHFs are found to be slightly better oriented (magnetic easy-axis direction in relation to the external field) at all scales for the electric and magnetic field processed composites compared to just the magnetic field processed composites. Magneto-electrohydrodynamics modeling of the polymer-particulate mixture predicts a similar behavior. Computational simulations are performed wherein particulates, subjected to both DEP forces resulting from an applied electric field, and magnetic dipole interactions in response to applied magnetic field, are allowed to form quasi-equilibrium structures before locking in a final structure to represent curing. Results from simulation confirms the finding on longer macro-chain formation similar to the experiment for the case of magnetic and electric fields compared to just magnetic field. Analysis of the microstructures from simulation also confirms that multiple levels of hierarchies are present in the composites’ microstructure for both cases. In future, quantifying the corresponding metrics at each level of hierarchy will help to better understand the microstructure and can be served as input to the model and also used to validate the model.

Proceedings Article | 29 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Towards the design of electric field driven self-folding gripper

Saad Ahmed, Anil Erol, Wei Zhang, Jonathan Hong, Zoubeida Ounaies, Paris von Lockette, Mary Frecker

Proceedings Volume 10968, 109680P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2514902

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Finite element methods, Electroactive polymers, Robotics, Electromechanical design, Polymers, Biomimetics

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Interfacial effects on the electrical behavior of elastomer nanoparticulate composites

Amira Meddeb, Zoubeida Ounaies, Oscar Lopez-Pamies

Proceedings Volume 10968, 109680I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2515364

KEYWORDS: Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, Dielectrics, Dielectric polarization, Composites, Particles, Electrodes, Dielectric spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2018 Presentation + Paper

Various design approaches to achieve electric field-driven segmented folding actuation of electroactive polymer (EAP) sheets

Saad Ahmed, Jonathan Hong, Wei Zhang, Jessica Kopatz, Zoubeida Ounaies, Mary Frecker

Proceedings Volume 10596, 105961O (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309378

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Electroactive polymers, Finite element methods, Polymers, Robotics

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2018 Paper

Modeling and design of electromagnetic and piezoelectric chest strain energy harvesters including soft tissue effects

Tahzib Safwat, Zoubeida Ounaies, Christopher Rahn

Proceedings Volume 10595, 105951W (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2296672

KEYWORDS: Ferroelectric polymers, Chest, Tissues, Electromagnetism, Energy harvesting, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 11 April 2017 Presentation + Paper

On the electric and magnetic alignment of magnetoactive barium hexaferrite-PDMS composites

Md Abdulla Al Masud, Corey Breznak, Paris von Lockette, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 10165, 1016513 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263607

KEYWORDS: Magnetism, Composites, Dielectrophoresis, Polymers, Matrices, Optical microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Particles, Crystals, Electrodes

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2016 Paper

Experimental characterization of PZT fibers using IDE electrodes

Nicholas Wyckoff, Hassene Ben Atitallah, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 9800, 98000N (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222143

KEYWORDS: Composites, Polarization, Electrodes, Ferroelectric materials, Polymers, Electromechanical design, Crystals, Dielectrics, Optical fibers, Epoxies, Copper, Silver, Printing, Amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2016 Paper

A study of metalized electrode self-clearing in electroactive polymer (EAP) based actuators

Saad Ahmed, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 9798, 97983F (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222135

KEYWORDS: Electroactive polymers, Actuators, Electrodes, Electrical breakdown, Multilayers, Polymers, Capacitance, Ferroelectric polymers, Artificial muscles, Aerospace engineering, Dielectrics, Capacitors, Silver, Statistical analysis, Dielectric breakdown

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Proceedings Article | 2 April 2015 Paper

Characterization and modeling time-dependent behavior in PZT fibers and active fiber composites

Mohamed Dridi, Hassene Atitallah, Zoubeida Ounaies, Anastasia Muliana

Proceedings Volume 9432, 94320B (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2084811

KEYWORDS: Ferroelectric materials, Electrodes, Picosecond phenomena, Composites, Polarization, Epoxies, Finite element methods, Polymers, Switching, Dielectrics

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2015 Paper

Electric field responsive origami structures using electrostriction-based active materials

Saad Ahmed, Erika Arrojado, Nirmal Sigamani, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 9432, 943206 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2084785

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Electroactive polymers, Multilayers, Silver, Polymers, Electrodes, Polymeric actuators, Prototyping, Ferroelectric polymers, Amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 2012 Paper

Nano-enhanced polymer composites for energy storage applications

Amira Barhoumi Meddeb, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 8342, 834207 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.917396

KEYWORDS: Dielectrics, Polymers, Composites, Particles, Dielectric breakdown, Ferroelectric polymers, Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites, Ceramics, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 2012 Paper

Preparation of reduced graphene/ PVDF nanocomposites using co-solvent approach

Nirmal Sigamani, Zoubeida Ounaies, Greg Ehlert, Henry Sodano

Proceedings Volume 8342, 834208 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.917467

KEYWORDS: Nanocomposites, Ferroelectric polymers, Graphene, Oxides, Dielectrics, Polymers, Transmission electron microscopy, Electroactive polymers, Crystals, FT-IR spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2011 Paper

Stress relaxation response of active fiber composites

Hassene Ben Atitallah, Anastasia Muliana, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 7978, 797807 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.883429

KEYWORDS: Composites, Epoxies, Ferroelectric materials, Polymers, Interfaces, Performance modeling, Data modeling, Lithium, Semiconducting wafers, Mechanical engineering

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2010 Paper

Measuring SWNT depth in electroactive polymer nanocomposite films using electric force microscopy

Aaron Sellinger, Sujay Deshmukh, Zoubeida Ounaies, Sang Nyon Kim, Richard Vaia

Proceedings Volume 7644, 76441I (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.851913

KEYWORDS: Single walled carbon nanotubes, Electrodes, Polymers, Skin, Dielectrics, Nanocomposites, Electroactive polymers, Atomic force microscopy, Capacitors, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2010 Paper

Non-linear actuation response of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based nanocomposites

Sujay Deshmukh, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 7644, 76441D (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.848902

KEYWORDS: Single walled carbon nanotubes, Ferroelectric polymers, Nanocomposites, Dielectrics, Dielectric polarization, Crystals, Composites, FT-IR spectroscopy, Polymers, Carbon nanotubes

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2009 Paper

Polymer nanocomposites as electrostrictive materials

Sujay Deshmukh, Zoubeida Ounaies, Ramanan Krishnamoorti

Proceedings Volume 7289, 728917 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.816653

KEYWORDS: Single walled carbon nanotubes, Ferroelectric polymers, Polymers, Nanocomposites, Dielectrics, Dielectric polarization, Electroactive polymers, Composites, Carbon nanotubes, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 28 March 2009 Paper

A continuum model for carbon nanotube-infused polyimides

Heather Wilson, Sumanth Banda, Ralph Smith, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 7289, 728916 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.815477

KEYWORDS: Single walled carbon nanotubes, Data modeling, Composites, Glasses, Data storage, Systems modeling, Polymers, Aerospace engineering, Temperature metrology, Solids

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Proceedings Article | 2 April 2008 Paper

Electrospinning of continuous piezoelectric yarns for composite application

Natasha Lagoudas, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 6929, 69292N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790447

KEYWORDS: Ferroelectric polymers, Crystals, Composites, Polymers, Solids, Nanofibers, Glasses, Humidity, Microscopy, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2007 Paper

Alignment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in cellulose EAPap by electric fields

Sungryul Yun, Jung Hwan Kim, Sumanth Banda, Zoubeida Ounaies, Jaehwan Kim

Proceedings Volume 6526, 652622 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.715571

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Carbon nanotubes, Smart materials, X-ray diffraction, Glasses, Polymers, Applied physics, Indium

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Proceedings Article | 6 April 2006 Paper

Hybrid EAPap actuator coated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Sungryul Yun, Hyunkyu Lim, Zoubeida Ounaies, Jaehwan Kim

Proceedings Volume 6170, 61701Y (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658092

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Composites, Carbon nanotubes, Humidity, Electrodes, Polymers, Coating, Gold, Artificial muscles, Smart materials

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2006 Paper

Effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the electromechanical response of a polyimide nanocomposite

Sujay Deshmukh, Chris Call, Zoubeida Ounaies, Cheol Park, Joycelyn Harrison

Proceedings Volume 6168, 61680Y (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658673

KEYWORDS: Single walled carbon nanotubes, Nanocomposites, Dielectric polarization, Dielectrics, Polymers, Electrostriction, Dielectric relaxation, Temperature metrology, Composites, Carbon nanotubes

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Electric field alignment of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in polymers

Sumanth Banda, Zoubeida Ounaies, Tyler St Clair, Jared Rud, Kristin Burney, Gary Bowlin, Cheol Park, Joycelyn Harrison

Proceedings Volume 5761, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.600353

KEYWORDS: Single walled carbon nanotubes, Raman spectroscopy, Polarizers, Composites, Polymers, Dielectrics, Scanning electron microscopy, Carbon nanotubes, Polarization, Polarizability

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Role of inherent polarization and ion transport in the actuation of cellulose based EAPap

Jaehwan Kim, Yu-Keun Kang, Sung-Ryul Yun, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 5761, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.600280

KEYWORDS: Ions, Crystals, Hydrogen, Dielectrics, Dielectric polarization, Electroactive polymers, Piezoelectric effects, Molecules, X-ray diffraction, Humidity

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Carbon nanotube-coated electroactive paper (EAPap) as hybrid high-displacement actuator

Sungryul Yun, Jaehwan Kim, Zoubeida Ounaies, T. St Clair

Proceedings Volume 5761, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.600142

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Single walled carbon nanotubes, Electrodes, Humidity, Composites, Raman spectroscopy, Polymers, Coating, Scanning electron microscopy, Chlorine

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2004 Paper

Piezoelectric behavior of pre-stressed curved actuators under load

Karla Mossi, Justin Costley, Zoubeida Ounaies, Robert Bryant

Proceedings Volume 5387, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.540026

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Ferroelectric materials, Ceramics, Composites, Polarization, Fiber optics sensors, Aluminum, Adhesives, Fiber lasers, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2004 Paper

Aligned carbon nanotube-polymer composites: investigating their electrical and physical characteristics

Sumanth Banda, Zoubeida Ounaies, John Wilkinson, Cheol Park, Joycelyn Harrison

Proceedings Volume 5387, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541817

KEYWORDS: Single walled carbon nanotubes, Raman spectroscopy, Composites, Polymers, Polarization, Polarizers, Carbon, Inspection, Dielectrics, Dielectric polarization

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 2003 Paper

Prestressed curved actuators: characterization and modeling of their piezoelectric behavior

Karla Mossi, Zoubeida Ounaies, Ralph Smith, Brian Ball

Proceedings Volume 5053, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.484749

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Dielectrics, Ferroelectric materials, Lead, Ceramics, Manufacturing, Adhesives, Capacitance, Aluminum, Carbon

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2003 Paper

A dynamic hysteresis model for Thunder transducers

Brian Ball, Ralph Smith, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 5049, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.482830

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Ferroelectric materials, Data modeling, Transition metals, Polarization, Interfaces, Chemical elements, Transducers, Finite element methods, Matrices

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 2003 Paper

A unified model for hysteresis in ferroic materials

Ralph Smith, Stefan Seelecke, Marcelo Dapino, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 5049, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.482836

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Shape memory alloys, Model-based design, Polarization, Thin films, Crystals, Stochastic processes, Homogenization, Material characterization, Ferromagnetics

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2002 Paper

Free energy model for piezoceramic materials

Ralph Smith, Stefan Seelecke, Zoubeida Ounaies

Proceedings Volume 4693, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.475214

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Data modeling, Crystals, Ferroelectric materials, Switching, Semiconducting wafers, Scientific research, Shape memory alloys, Model-based design, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2002 Paper

Model development for piezoelectric polymer unimorphs

G. Daspit, C. Martin, J-H. Pyo, C. Smith, H. To, K. Furati, Zoubeida Ounaies, Ralph Smith

Proceedings Volume 4693, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.475247

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Ferroelectric polymers, Polymers, Dielectrics, Mathematics, Mathematical modeling, Composites, Actuators, Performance modeling, Systems modeling

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Proceedings Article | 21 August 2001 Paper

Displacement models for THUNDER actuators having general loads and boundary conditions

Robert Wieman, Ralph Smith, Tyson Kackley, Zoubeida Ounaies, Jeffrey Bernd

Proceedings Volume 4326, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.436479

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Data modeling, Manufacturing, Performance modeling, Ferroelectric materials, Thermal modeling, Finite element methods, Aluminum, Domes, Motion models

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Proceedings Article | 11 July 2001 Paper

Low-field and high-field characterization of THUNDER actuators

Zoubeida Ounaies, Karla Mossi, Ralph Smith, Jeffrey Bernd

Proceedings Volume 4333, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.432779

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Ceramics, Temperature metrology, Metals, Switching, Polarization, Domes, Sensors, Thermal effects, Aerospace engineering

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2000 Paper

Model for rate-dependent hysteresis in piezoceramic materials operating at low frequencies

Ralph Smith, Zoubeida Ounaies, Robert Wieman

Proceedings Volume 3992, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.388195

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Data modeling, Performance modeling, Thermal modeling, Semiconducting wafers, Switches, Material characterization, Switching, Ferroelectric materials, Scientific research

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2000 Paper

Electromechanically active polymer blends for actuation

Ji Su, Zoubeida Ounaies, Joycelyn Harrison, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Sean Leary

Proceedings Volume 3987, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.387764

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Polymers, Crystals, Polarization, Electrostriction, Polymeric actuators, Ferroelectric polymers, Sensors, Dielectrics, Fiber optics sensors

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Proceedings Article | 28 May 1999 Paper

Structure-property study of piezoelectricity in polyimides

Zoubeida Ounaies, Cheol Park, Joycelyn Harrison, Joseph Smith, Jeffrey Hinkley

Proceedings Volume 3669, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349674

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Dielectric polarization, Dielectrics, Glasses, Temperature metrology, Ferroelectric polymers, Dielectric relaxation, Polarization, Sensors, Nitrogen

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Sol-gel and microwave processing of PZT materials for sensor and actuator applications

Zoubeida Ounaies, Vijay Varadan, Vasundara Varadan

Proceedings Volume 2189, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174078

KEYWORDS: Microwave radiation, Ferroelectric materials, Sol-gels, Ceramics, Actuators, Particles, Dielectrics, Lead, Sensors, Strontium

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Multilayer tunable ferroelectric materials and thin films

Vijay Varadan, Vasundara Varadan, Fathi Selmi, Zoubeida Ounaies, K. Jose

Proceedings Volume 2189, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174080

KEYWORDS: Microwave radiation, Multilayers, Thin films, Ceramics, Dielectrics, Sol-gels, Plasma, Strontium, Ferroelectric materials, Barium

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Active noise control using piezoelectric actuator for a machine

Xiao-Qi Bao, Zoubeida Ounaies, Vijay Varadan, Vasundara Varadan

Proceedings Volume 2189, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174058

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Sensors, Ferroelectric materials, Control systems, Analog electronics, Aluminum, Optical sensors, Phase shifts, Software, Interference (communication)

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Showing 5 of 41 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (6)

SPIE Conference Volume | 30 April 2012

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites 2012

SPIE Conference Volume | 30 March 2011

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites 2011

SPIE Conference Volume | 19 March 2010

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites 2010

SPIE Conference Volume | 26 March 2009

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites 2009

SPIE Conference Volume | 2 May 2008

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite Materials 2008

Showing 5 of 6 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (29)

Biologically Inspired Materials, Processes, and Systems (BIMPS) 2025

17 March 2025 | Vancouver, B.C., Canada

Multifunctional Materials and Structures

17 March 2025 | Vancouver, B.C., Canada

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XVIII

27 March 2024 | Long Beach, California, United States

Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication XIV

25 March 2024 | Long Beach, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XVII

13 March 2023 | Long Beach, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XVI

7 March 2022 | Long Beach, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XV

22 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

SPIE Smart Structures + Nondestructive Evaluation

22 March 2021 | Online Only, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XIV

27 April 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

SPIE Smart Structures + Nondestructive Evaluation

27 April 2020 | Online Only, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XIII

4 March 2019 | Denver, Colorado, United States

SPIE Smart Structures + Nondestructive Evaluation

3 March 2019 | Denver, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites XII

5 March 2018 | Denver, Colorado, United States

SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring

4 March 2018 | Denver, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites XI

26 March 2017 | Portland, Oregon, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites X

21 March 2016 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites IX

9 March 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites VII

10 March 2013 | San Diego, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites VI

12 March 2012 | San Diego, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites V

7 March 2011 | San Diego, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites IV

8 March 2010 | San Diego, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites III

9 March 2009 | San Diego, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite Materials II

10 March 2008 | San Diego, California, United States

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite Materials

19 March 2007 | San Diego, California, United States

Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics

27 February 2006 | San Diego, California, United States

Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics

7 March 2005 | San Diego, California, United States

Smart Materials III

13 December 2004 | Sydney, Australia

Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics

15 March 2004 | San Diego, CA, United States

Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics

3 March 2003 | San Diego, California, United States

Showing 5 of 29 Conference Committees

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