Daytime star sensor has the advantages of high precision, autonomy and has a wide range of applications in autonomous navigation on aviation platforms, but it is difficult for star sensor to achieve miniaturization and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the strong atmospheric scattering light in the daytime. In this paper, we analyzed the wavelength characteristics and light angle characteristic of atmospheric scattered light and target starlight, studied a method of volume grating to suppress atmospheric scattering light, and designed a star sensor imaging system with volume holographic grating in front of the optical system. In addition, we deduced the SNR formula of daytime star sensor with volume grating, and analyzed the influence of volume grating on detect magnitude, aperture and field of optical system which combined with atmospheric transmission software and ray trace software. The results showed that the star sensor with two volume gratings can effectively increase the detection limit magnitude and reduce the aperture of optical system. Finally, the paper determined the parameters of the imaging system and volume holography grating for daytime star sensor, achieve the purpose to detect 6.5 magnitude stars with 700-900nm band at the height of 3km.
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