On CD-AFM bias related to probe bending

V. A. Ukraintsev; N. G. Orji; T. V. Vorburger; R. G. Dixson; J. Fu; R. M. Silver

doi:10.1117/12.916737

3 April 2012 On CD-AFM bias related to probe bending

V. A. Ukraintsev, N. G. Orji, T. V. Vorburger, R. G. Dixson, J. Fu, R. M. Silver

Proceedings Volume 8324, Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI; 83240V (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.916737
Event: SPIE Advanced Lithography, 2012, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

Critical Dimension AFM (CD-AFM) is a widely used reference metrology. To characterize modern semiconductor devices, very small and flexible probes, often 15 nm to 20 nm in diameter, are now frequently used. Several recent publications have reported on uncontrolled and significant probe-to-probe bias variation during linewidth and sidewall angle measurements [1,2]. Results obtained in this work suggest that probe bending can be on the order of several nanometers and thus potentially can explain much of the observed CD-AFM probe-to-probe bias variation. We have developed and experimentally tested one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) models to describe the bending of cylindrical probes. An earlier 1D bending model reported by Watanabe et al. [3] was refined. Contributions from several new phenomena were considered, including: probe misalignment, diameter variation near the carbon nanotube tip (CNT) apex, probe bending before snapping, distributed van der Waals-London force, etc. The methodology for extraction of the Hamaker probe-surface interaction energy from experimental probe bending data was developed. To overcome limitations of the 1D model, a new 2D distributed force (DF) model was developed. Comparison of the new model with the 1D single point force (SPF) model revealed about 27 % difference in probe bending bias between the two. A simple linear relation between biases predicted by the 1D SPF and 2D DF models was found. This finding simplifies use of the advanced 2D DF model of probe bending in various CD-AFM applications. New 2D and three-dimensional (3D) CDAFM data analysis software is needed to take full advantage of the new bias correction modeling capabilities.

Citation Download Citation

V. A. Ukraintsev, N. G. Orji, T. V. Vorburger, R. G. Dixson, J. Fu, and R. M. Silver "On CD-AFM bias related to probe bending", Proc. SPIE 8324, Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI, 83240V (3 April 2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.916737

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