Dr. Charles W. Spangler Profile

Dr. Charles W. Spangler

Chief Science Officer at SensoPath Technologies Inc

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Author

Publications (36)

Proceedings Article | 14 March 2014 Paper

Development of image-guided targeted two-photon PDT for the treatment of head and neck cancers

Charles Spangler, Jean Starkey, Bo Liang, Sara Fedorka, Hao Yang, Huabei Jiang

Proceedings Volume 8931, 89310C (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043070

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Cancer, Oncology, Chlorine, Tissue optics, Head, Neck, Receptors, Near infrared

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2012 Paper

Optimization of targeted two-photon PDT triads for the treatment of head and neck cancers

Charles Spangler, Jean Starkey, Galyna Dubinina, Carl Fahlstrom, Joyce Shepard

Proceedings Volume 8207, 820720 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909640

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Cancer, Oncology, Head, Neck, Skin, Chlorine, Near infrared, Toxicity

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2010 Paper

Maximizing two-photon absorption cross section within few essential state model

Aleksander Rebane, Mikhail Drobizhev, Nikolay Makarov, Erich Beuerman, Yujie Zhao, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 7599, 75990W (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.842627

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Molecules, Dendrimers, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Chromophores, Luminescence, Systems modeling, Quantum efficiency, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 2009 Paper

Targeted two-photon PDT photo-sensitizers for the treatment of subcutaneous tumors

C. Spangler, A. Rebane, J. Starkey, M. Drobizhev

Proceedings Volume 7380, 73803Z (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.822970

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Chlorine, Absorption, Tissues, Receptors, Laser tissue interaction, Near infrared, Skin, Oxygen

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Proceedings Article | 11 February 2008 Paper

Synthesis, characterization and two-photon PDT efficacy studies of triads incorporating tumor targeting and imaging components

C. Spangler, J. Starkey, A. Rebane, M. Drobizhev, F. Meng, A. Gong

Proceedings Volume 6845, 68450S (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763472

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Chlorine, Lung cancer, Absorption, Laser tissue interaction, Tumor growth modeling, Skin, Receptors, Breast cancer

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Proceedings Article | 11 February 2008 Paper

Histopathological and expression profiling studies of early tumor responses to near-infrared PDT treatment in SCID mice

Jean Starkey, Aleksander Rebane, Mikhail Drobizhev, Fanqin Meng, Aijun Gong, Aleisha Elliott, Kate McInnerney, Elizabeth Pascucci, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 6845, 68450U (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.761273

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Tissues, Lung, Profiling, Oxygen, Receptors, Spleen, Near infrared, Blood circulation

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2007 Paper

Broad bandwidth near-IR two-photon absorption in conjugated porphyrin-core dendrimers

Aleks Rebane, Nikolay Makarov, Mikhail Drobizhev, Charles Spangler, Aijun Gong, Fanqing Meng

Proceedings Volume 6653, 665307 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734475

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Absorption, Dendrimers, Chromophores, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer, Resonance energy transfer, Molecules, Time resolved spectroscopy, Optical amplifiers, Resonance enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2006 Paper

Synthesis, characterization, and preclinical studies of two-photon-activated targeted PDT therapeutic triads

C. Spangler, J. Starkey, A. Rebane, F. Meng, A. Gong, M. Drobizhev

Proceedings Volume 6139, 61390X (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.646312

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Receptors, Skin, Tissues, Near infrared, Breast cancer, Molecules, Bioluminescence, Collagen

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) continues to evolve into a mature clinical treatment of a variety of cancer types as well as age-related macular degeneration of the eye. However, there are still aspects of PDT that need to be improved in order for greater clinical acceptance. While a number of new PDT photo-sensitizers, sometimes referred to as second- or third- generation therapeutic agents, are currently under clinical investigation, the direct treatment through the skin of subcutaneous tumors deeper than 5 mm remains problematic. Currently approved PDT porphyrin photo-sensitizers, as well as several modified porphyrins (e.g. chlorins, bacteriochlorins, etc.) that are under clinical investigation can be activated at 630-730 nm, but none above 800 nm. It would be highly desirable if new PDT paradigms could be developed that would allow photo-activation deep in the tissue transparency window in the Near-infrared (NIR) above 800 nm to reduce scattering and absorption phenomena that reduce deep tissue PDT efficacy. Rasiris and MPA Technologies have developed new porphyrins that have greatly enhanced two-photon absorption ( P A ) cross-sections and can be activated deep in the NIR (ca. 780-850 nm). These porphyrins can be incorporated into a therapeutic triad that also employs an small molecule targeting agent that directs the triad to over-expressed tumor receptor sites, and a NIR onephoton imaging agent that allows tracking the delivery of the triad to the tumor site, as well as clearance of excess triad from healthy tissue prior to the start of PDT treatment. We are currently using these new triads in efficacy studies with a breast cancer cell line that has been transfected with luciferase genes that allow implanted tumor growth and post- PDT treatment efficacy studies in SCID mouse models by following the rise and decay of the bioluminescence signal. We have also designed highly absorbing and scattering collagen breast cancer phantoms in which we have demonstrated dramatic cell kill to a depth of at least 4 cm. We have also demonstrated that at the wavelength and laser fluences used in the treatment of implanted tumors in the mouse mammary fat pads, there is little, if any, damage to the skin or internal mouse organs. In addition, we have also demonstrated that the implanted tumors can be treated to a depth of more than 1 cm by direct radiation through the dorsal side of the mouse.

Proceedings Article | 19 August 2005 Paper

Quantum interference in femtosecond multi-photon absorption in conjugated dendrimers

Aleksander Rebane, Niklas Christensson, Mikhail Drobizhev, Yuriy Stepanenko, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 5934, 59340L (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617308

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Ultraviolet radiation, Photons, Dendrimers, Molecules, Luminescence, Beam splitters, Signal detection, Solids, Femtosecond phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2005 Paper

Coherent domain structure in linear and dendrimer chromophores studied by one-, two-, and three-photon absorption spectroscopy

M. Drobizhev, N. Christensson, A. Rebane, Z. Suo, C. Spangler, O. Mongin, M. Blanchard-Desce

Proceedings Volume 5934, 59340H (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617513

KEYWORDS: Dendrimers, Molecules, Luminescence, Absorption, Bridges, Nitrogen, Chromophores, Absorption spectroscopy, Macromolecules, Oscillators

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 2005 Paper

Targeted two-photon photodynamic therapy for the treatment of subcutaneous tumors

Charles Spangler, Jean Starkey, Fanqing Meng, Aijun Gong, Mikhail Drobizhev, Aleksander Rebane, B. Moss

Proceedings Volume 5689, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589210

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Tissues, Receptors, Near infrared, Breast cancer, Transparency, In vivo imaging, Molecules, Skin

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed into a mature technology over the past several years, and is currently being exploited for the treatment of a variety of cancerous tumors, and more recently for age-related wet macular degeneration of the eye. However, there are still some unresolved problems with PDT that are retarding a more general acceptance in clinical settings, and thus, for the most part, the treatment of most cancerous rumors still involves some combination of invasive surgery, chemotherapy and radiation treatment, particularly subcutaneous tumors. Currently approved PDT agents are activated in the Visible portion of the spectrum below 700 nm, Laser light in this spectral region cannot penetrate the skin more than a few millimeters, and it would be more desirable if PDT could be initiated deep in the Near-infrared (NIR) in the tissue transparency window (700-1000 nm). MPA Technologies, Inc. and Rasiris, Inc. have been co-developing new porphyrin PDT designed to have greatly enhanced intrinsic two-photon cross-sections (>800 GM units) whose two-photon absorption maxima lie deep in the tissue transparency window (ca. 780-850 nm), and have solubility characteristics that would allow for direct IV injection into animal models. Classical PDT also suffers from the lengthy time necessary for accumulation at the tumor site, a relative lack of discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue, particularly at the tumor margins, and difficulty in clearing from the system in a reasonable amount of time post-PDT. We have recently discovered a new design paradigm for the delivery of our two-photon activated PDT agents by incorporating the porphyrins into a triad ensemble that includes a small molecule targeting agent that directs the triad to over-expressed tumor receptor sites, and a NIR one-photon imaging agent that allows the tracking of the triad in terms of accumulation and clearance rates. We are currently using these new two-photon PDT triads in efficacy studies with two breast cancer cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo. Both of these cell lines have been transfected with luciferase genes that allow implanted tumor growth and PDT efficacy to be monitored in living mouse models over time by following the rise and decay of the bioluminescence signals.

Proceedings Article | 17 June 2004 Paper

New two-photon materials for fast volumetric rewritable optical storage

Aleksander Rebane, Mikhail Drobizhev, Aliaksandr Karotki, Yuliya Dzenis, Charles Spangler, Aijun Gong, Fanqing Meng

Proceedings Volume 5362, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529234

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Molecules, Luminescence, Optical storage, Quantum efficiency, Switching, Data storage, Chromophores, Switches, Oscillators

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2004 Paper

Nanophotonic ensembles for targeted multi-photon photodynamic therapy

Charles Spangler, Fanqing Meng, Aijun Gong, Mikhail Drobizhev, Aliaksandr Karotki, Aleksander Rebane

Proceedings Volume 5331, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.532510

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Near infrared, Absorption, Tissues, Receptors, Chlorine, Therapeutic agents, Analog electronics, Molecules

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2003 Paper

Cooperative enhancement of two- and three-photon absorption in dendrimers and their underlying coherent domain structure

Mikhail Drobizhev, Aliaksandr Karotki, Yuliya Dzenis, Mikalai Kruk, Aleksander Rebane, Zhiyong Suo, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 5211, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.505761

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Dendrimers, Chromophores, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Macromolecules, Luminescence, Oscillators, Near field optics, Nitrogen

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2003 Paper

Strong two-photon absorption in new porphyrins with asymmetrical meso-substitution

Mikhail Drobizhev, Aliaksandr Karotki, Mikalai Kruk, Yuliya Dzenis, Aleksander Rebane, Fanqing Meng, Eric Nickel, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 5211, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.505849

KEYWORDS: Molecules, Absorption, Luminescence, Dendrimers, Oxygen, Photodynamic therapy, Optical amplifiers, Oscillators, Physics, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2003 Paper

Design, synthesis, and characterization of new organic dendrimers with greatly enhanced two-photon absorption

Charles Spangler, Zhiyong Suo, Mikhail Drobizhev, Aliaksandr Karotki, Aleksander Rebane

Proceedings Volume 4797, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453318

KEYWORDS: Dendrimers, Absorption, Bromine, Chromophores, Materials processing, Multiphoton processes, Americium

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2003 Paper

Mechanisms of enhanced two-photon absorption in porphyrins

Mikhail Drobizhev, Aliaksandr Karotki, Mikalai Kruk, Aleksander Rebane, Eric Nickel, Charles Spangler, Nugzar Mamardashvili

Proceedings Volume 4797, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453258

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Molecules, Resonance enhancement, Electronics, Zinc, Satellites, Solids, Luminescence, Chromophores, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 6 June 2002 Paper

Strong two-photon absorption and singlet oxygen photogeneration in near-IR with new porphyrin molecule

Aliaksandr Karotki, Mikhail Drobizhev, Mikalai Kruk, Aleksander Rebane, Eric Nickel, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 4612, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469344

KEYWORDS: Oxygen, Molecules, Absorption, Luminescence, Photodynamic therapy, Information operations, Tissues, Transparency, Tumors, Solids

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 2001 Paper

Design and synthesis of new acceptor molecules for photoinduced electron transfer reverse saturable absorption

Mamoun Bader, Taiala Carvalho, Hu Li, Scott Tarter, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 4461, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.449843

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Polymers, Molecules, Dendrimers, Optical limiting, Saturable absorption, Lithium, Optical design, Fullerenes, Chromophores

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 1999 Paper

Diphenylphosphino-substituted diphenylpolyenes for applications in nonlinear optics

Luis Madrigal, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 3796, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.368275

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, Chromophores, Absorption, Bromine, Chemical elements, Visible radiation, Laser therapeutics, Photonics, Polarizability, Molecules

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 1999 Paper

Model dendrons and dendrimers incorporating diphenylamino-substituted diphenylpolyene and PPV-oligomer moieties for NLO applications

Kimba Ashworth, Charles Spangler, Benjamin Reeves

Proceedings Volume 3796, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.368271

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Dendrimers, Bipolarons, Absorption, Nonlinear optics, Polymers, Light emitting diodes, Doping, Polymethylmethacrylate, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 1999 Paper

Spectroscopy and nonlinear optical absorption of bis(diphenylamino) diphenyl polyenes

Lalgudi Natarajan, Sean Kirkpatrick, Richard Sutherland, Paul Fleitz, Thomas Cooper, Laura Sowards, Charles Spangler, Benjamin Reeves

Proceedings Volume 3798, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363876

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Luminescence, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Quantum efficiency, Two photon excitation microscopy, Signal detection, Single photon, Optical spectroscopy, Absorption spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 1999 Paper

Design and synthesis of new optical-power-limiting chromophores with enhanced two-photon absorption

Charles Spangler, El Elandaloussi, Martin Casstevens, Deepak Kumar, John Weibel, Ryszard Burzynski

Proceedings Volume 3798, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363870

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Absorption, Dendrimers, Bipolarons, Photonics, Picosecond phenomena, Bridges, Molecular bridges, 3D modeling, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 1999 Paper

Spectroscopic investigations of dithienyl polyenes

Thomas Cooper, Laura Sowards, Lalgudi Natarajan, Sean Kirkpatrick, Suresh Chandra, Daniel McLean, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 3798, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363877

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Luminescence, Spectroscopy, Molecules, Quantum efficiency, Data modeling, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Dielectrics, Thermal effects, Silver

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 1998 Paper

Spectroscopy of a,w-dithienyl polyenes: evidence for two-photon absorption states from fluorescence studies

Lalgudi Natarajan, Sean Kirkpatrick, Richard Sutherland, Laura Sowards, Charles Spangler, Paul Fleitz, Thomas Cooper

Proceedings Volume 3472, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.326884

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Luminescence, Spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Femtosecond phenomena, Signal detection, Chemistry, Polarons, Picosecond phenomena, Laser systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 1997 Paper

New class of materials for optical power limiting

Martin Casstevens, Ryszard Burzynski, John Weibel, Charles Spangler, Guang He, Paras Prasad

Proceedings Volume 3146, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.284161

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Polymers, Molecules, Composites, Information operations, Laser applications, Doping, Semiconductor lasers, Solids, Human vision and color perception

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 1997 Paper

Photophysics and nonlinear optical behavior of a,w dithienyl polyenes

Lalgudi Natarajan, Richard Sutherland, Paul Fleitz, Laura Sowards, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 3146, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.284166

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Luminescence, Quantum efficiency, Laser energy, Emission spectroscopy, Optical limiting, Bipolarons, Pulsed laser operation, Wave plates, Attenuators

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Proceedings Article | 15 September 1995 Paper

New copolymers for applications as organic LEDs

Charles Spangler, John Thurmond, Hu Li, Mingqian He, Saswati Ghosal, Yue Zhang, Martin Casstevens, Ryszard Burzynski

Proceedings Volume 2528, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.219559

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Polymers, Electroluminescence, Electrodes, Aluminum, Calcium, Excitons, Luminescence, Eye, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1994 Paper

Studies of optical nonlinearity in bis-thienyl polyenes

Nansheng Tang, Jouni Partanen, Robert Hellwarth, J. Laquindanum, Larry Dalton, Mingqian He, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 2285, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.187514

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Nonlinear optics, Error analysis, Bipolarons, Interferometry, Molecules, Chemistry, Polymers, Data modeling, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 1993 Paper

Resonant third-order optical nonlinearity of the neutral and the dication molecules of a triphenodithiazine model compound

Jacek Swiatkiewicz, Maciek Orczyk, Paras Prasad, Charles Spangler, Mingqian He

Proceedings Volume 2025, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.165277

KEYWORDS: Molecules, Absorption, Nonlinear optics, Pulsed laser operation, Optical amplifiers, Physics, Picosecond phenomena, Four wave mixing, Chemical analysis, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1992 Paper

Substituent effects in the design of new organic NLO materials

Charles Spangler, Pei-Kang Liu, Tracy Kelleher, Eric Nickel

Proceedings Volume 1626, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58114

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, NOx, Remote sensing, Molecules, Molecular interactions, Polymers, Complex systems, Nickel, Chemistry, Picosecond phenomena

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1991 Paper

Design of highly soluble extended pi-electron oligomers capable of supporting stabilized delocalized bipolaronic states for NLO applications

Kathleen Havelka, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 1560, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50706

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, Doping, Absorption, Bipolarons, Organic materials, Polymers, Polarons, Electroactive polymers, Molecules, Oxidation

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1991 Paper

Relationship between conjugation length and third-order nonlinearity in bis-donor substituted diphenyl polyenes

Charles Spangler, Kathleen Havelka, Mark Becker, Tracy Kelleher, Lap-Tak Cheng

Proceedings Volume 1560, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50713

KEYWORDS: NOx, Organic materials, Nonlinear optics, Molecules, Bismuth, Polymers, Astatine, Chemistry, Photonics, Electroactive polymers

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1991 Paper

Extended pi-electron systems incorporating stabilized quinoidal bipolarons: anthracenyl polyene-polycarbonate composites

Eric Nickel, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 1560, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50703

KEYWORDS: Bipolarons, Composites, Absorption, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Organic materials, Near infrared, Oscillators, Doping, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 1991 Paper

Synthesis and incorporation of ladder polymer subunits in copolyamides, pendant polymers, and composites for enhanced nonlinear optical response

Charles Spangler, Michelle Saindon, Eric Nickel, Linda Sapochak, David Polis, Larry Dalton, Robert Norwood

Proceedings Volume 1497, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46799

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1990 Paper

New copolymers for nonlinear optics applications that incorporate delocalized pi-electron subunits with well-defined conjugation lengths

Charles Spangler, Thomas Hall, Kathleen Havelka, David Polis, Linda Sapochak, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 1337, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22939

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Organic materials, Absorption, Crystals, Optical design, Infrared spectroscopy, Signal detection, Glasses, Liquids

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Showing 5 of 36 publications

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