Prof. Larry R. Dalton Profile

Prof. Larry R. Dalton

Emeritus Professor at Univ of Washington

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (133)

Proceedings Article | 4 October 2022 Presentation

Towards scalable hybrid electro-optics (Conference Presentation)

Lewis Johnson, Scott Hammond, Delwin Elder, Kevin O'Malley, Huajun Xu, Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson

Proceedings Volume PC12202, PC1220205 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633764

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Silicon, Quantum communications, Photonic devices, Electronic components

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Plasmonic devices for transparent radio-over-fiber networks

Yannik Horst, Tobias Blatter, Laurenz Kulmer, Bertold Ian Bitachon, Benedikt Baeuerle, Marcel Destraz, Wolfgang Heni, Stefan Koepfli, Patrick Habegger, Marco Eppenberger, Eva De Leo, Claudia Hoessbacher, Delwin Elder, Scott Hammond, Lewis Johnson, Larry Dalton, Yuriy Fedoryshyn, Yannick Salamin, Maurizio Burla, Juerg Leuthold

Proceedings Volume 12027, 120270O (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2620043

KEYWORDS: Plasmonics, Modulators, Antennas, Terahertz radiation, Receivers, Modulation, Electronics, Electro optics

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Birefringence, dimensionality, and surface influences on organic hybrid electro-optic performance

Lewis Johnson, Delwin Elder, Stephanie Benight, Andreas Tillack, Scott Hammond, Wolfgang Heni, Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson

Proceedings Volume 11799, 1179917 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594939

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Waveguides, Birefringence, Electro optics, Electro optical modeling, Dielectrics, Refractive index, Systems modeling, Metals, Instrument modeling

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

New paradigms in materials and devices for hybrid electro-optics and optical rectification

Lewis Johnson, Delwin Elder, Huajun Xu, Scott Hammond, Stephanie Benight, Kevin O'Malley, Bruce Robinson, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 11812, 1181202 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595638

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Frequency conversion, Nanophotonics, Silicon photonics, Photodetectors, Phase shifts, Thin films, Thin film devices, Modulators

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We review recent transformative advances in materials design, synthesis, and processing as well as device engineering for the utilization of organic materials in hybrid electro-optic (EO) and optical rectification (OR) technologies relevant to telecommunications, sensing, and computing. End-to-end (from molecules to systems) modeling methods utilizing multi-scale computation and theory permit prediction of the performance of novel materials in nanoscale device architectures including those involving plasmonic phenomena and architectures in which interfacial effects play a dominant role. Both EO and OR phenomenon require acentric organization of constituent active molecules. The incumbent methodology for achieving such organization is electric field poling, where chromophore shape, dipole moment, and conformational flexibility play dominant roles. Optimized chromophore design and control of the poling process has already led to record-setting advances in electro-optic performance, e.g., voltage-length performance of < 50 volt-micrometer, bandwidths < 500 GHz, and energy efficiency < 70 attojoule/bit. They have also led to increased thermal stability, low insertion loss and high signal quality (BER and SFDR). However, the limits of poling in the smallest nanophotonic devices—in which extraordinary optical field densities can be achieved—has stimulated development of alternatives based on covalent coupling of modern high-performance chromophores into ordered nanostructures. Covalent coupling enables higher performance, greater scalability, and greater stability and is especially suited for the latest nanoscale architectures. Recent developments in materials also facilitate a new technology—transparent photodetection based on optical rectification. OR does not involve electronic excitation, as is the case with conventional photodiodes, and as such represents a novel detection mechanism with a greatly reduced noise floor. OR already dominates at THz frequencies and recent advances will enable superior performance at GHz frequencies as well.

Proceedings Article | 1 August 2021 Presentation

Mie-driven free-space electro-optic transducers

Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus, Maryna Meretska, Delwin Elder, Larry Dalton, Federico Capasso

Proceedings Volume 11796, 117960V (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593524

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Transducers, Free space optics, Photonics systems, Photonic integrated circuits, Nanostructures, Molecules, Integrated photonics, Integrated optics, Integrated circuits

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Plasmonic modulators and photodetectors for communications

Ping Ma, Yannick Salamin, Andreas Messner, Benedikt Bäuerle, Alexandros Emboras, Wolfgang Heni, Arne Josten, Felix Eltes, Stefan Abel, Jean Fompeyrine, Delwin Elder, Larry Dalton, Juerg Leuthold

Proceedings Volume 11711, 1171105 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2584923

KEYWORDS: Plasmonics, Photodetectors, Modulators, Germanium, Waveguides, Sensors, Graphene, Surface plasmon polaritons, Photonic devices, Optical instrument design

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Nucleobases for optoelectronics

James Grote, Ileana Rau, Francois Kajzar, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 11683, 1168307 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576792

KEYWORDS: Optoelectronics, Organic light emitting diodes, Thermography, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Electro optic polymers, Resistance, Modulators, Electrooptic modulators, Electron beam lithography

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

Electrically tunable metasurfaces by a single electro-optic layer

Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus, Maryna Meretska, Michele Tamagnone, Delwin Elder, Larry Dalton, Federico Capasso

Proceedings Volume 11682, 1168211 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581752

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Modulation, Optical filters, Optical engineering, Nonlinear optics, Molecules, Gold, Active optics

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation

Advances in high-performance hybrid electro-optics

Lewis Johnson, Huajun Xu, Scott Hammond, Delwin Elder, Stephanie Benight, Yovan de Coene, Joseph Hesse-Withbroe, Koen Clays, Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson

Proceedings Volume 11471, 114710B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568921

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Quantum computing, Organic materials, Silicon, Gold, Waveguides, Wafer-level optics, Optical components, Lithium niobate, Nanophotonics

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Proceedings Article | 31 January 2020 Open Access

Novel applications of plasmonics and photonics devices to sub-THz wireless

Maurizio Burla, Claudia Hoessbacher, Wolfgang Heni, Christian Haffner, Yuriy Fedoryshyn, Dominik Werner, Tatsuhiko Watanabe, Yannick Salamin, Hermann Massler, David Hillerkuss, Delwin Elder, Larry Dalton, Juerg Leuthold

Proceedings Volume 11307, 113070I (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550323

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Plasmonics, Terahertz radiation, Modulation, Electro optics, Photonics, Antennas, Photonic devices, Microwave photonics

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Proceedings Article | 10 September 2019 Presentation

Next-generation materials for hybrid electro-optic systems (Conference Presentation)

Lewis Johnson, Huajun Xu, Yovan de Coene, Delwin Elder, Koen Clays, Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson

Proceedings Volume 11089, 110890K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2530719

KEYWORDS: Electro optical systems, Electro optics, Refractive index, Organic materials, Silicon, Gold, Waveguides, Chromophores, Anisotropy, Mechanical engineering

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 2019 Paper

Integrated photonic and plasmonic technologies for microwave signal processing enabling mm-wave and sub-THz wireless communication systems

Maurizio Burla, Yannick Salamin, Romain Bonjour, Felix Abrecht, Claudia Hoessbacher, Christian Haffner, Wolfgang Heni, Yuriy Fedoryshyn, Dominik Werner, Benedikt Baeuerle, Arne Josten, Tatsuhiko Watanabe, David Hillerkuss, Delwin Elder, Larry Dalton, Juerg Leuthold

Proceedings Volume 10945, 1094505 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513182

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Plasmonics, Antennas, Modulation, Microwave radiation, Signal processing, Wireless communications, Telecommunications, Integrated optics, Microwave photonics

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2018 Presentation + Paper

Poling-induced birefringence in OEO materials under nanoscale confinement

Lewis Johnson, Delwin Elder, Aleksey Kocherzhenko, Andreas Tillack, Christine Isborn, Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson

Proceedings Volume 10738, 107381A (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321997

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Refractive index, Waveguides, Monte Carlo methods, Birefringence, Dielectrics, Electro optical modeling, Electro optics, Crystals, Modulators

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2018 Open Access

Multi-scale theory-assisted nano-engineering of plasmonic-organic hybrid electro-optic device performance

Delwin Elder, Lewis Johnson, Andreas Tillack, Bruce Robinson, Christian Haffner, Wolfgang Heni, Claudia Hoessbacher, Yuriy Fedoryshyn, Yannick Salamin, Benedikt Baeuerle, Arne Josten, Masafumi Ayata, Ueli Koch, Juerg Leuthold, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 10529, 105290K (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2295449

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Plasmonics, Waveguides, Monte Carlo methods, Electrodes, Refraction, Modulators, Glasses, Bridges

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2017 Paper

Charge carrier blocking layers for polymer-based electro-optic devices

Fahima Ouchen, Emily Heckman, François Kajzar, Ileana Rau, Larry Dalton, James Grote

Proceedings Volume 10355, 103550C (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275826

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Electrodes, Electro optic polymers, Electro optics, Metals, Analytical research, Polymeric sensors, Electric field sensors, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 25 August 2017 Open Access

Hybrid electro-optics and chipscale integration of electronics and photonics

L. Dalton, B. Robinson, D. Elder, A. Tillack, L. Johnson

Proceedings Volume 10364, 1036402 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2278795

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Interfaces, Electronics, Photonics, Plasmonics, Silicon photonics, Nanoengineering, Energy efficiency, Computer architecture

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2017 Paper

Effect of charge carrier blocking, surface resistance and electric field distribution on electric field poling of nonlinear optic polymers

Fahima Ouchen, Emily Heckman, Larry Dalton, François Kajzar, Ileana Rau, James Grote

Proceedings Volume 10101, 1010112 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2260596

KEYWORDS: Resistance, Polymers, Electrooptic modulators, Titanium dioxide, Electrodes, Nonlinear optics, Electro optics, Analytical research, Surface roughness, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2017 Paper

Nanophotonic modulators and photodetectors using silicon photonic and plasmonic device concepts

C. Koos, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, L. Dalton, S. Wolf, S. Muehlbrandt, A. Melikyan, H. Zwickel, T. Harter, Y. Kutuvantavida, C. Kieninger, M. Lauermann, D. Elder

Proceedings Volume 10098, 1009807 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2256536

KEYWORDS: Nanophotonics, Modulators, Photodetectors, Silicon photonics, Plasmonics, Waveguides, Silicon, Optical interconnects, Electronic circuits, Data communications, Electro optics, Electrooptic modulators, Energy efficiency, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 18 October 2016 Presentation + Paper

Effect of charge carrier blocking layers on poling nonlinear optic polymers

Fahima Ouchen, Emily Heckman, Larry Dalton, François Kajzar, Ileana Rau, James Grote

Proceedings Volume 9928, 992802 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238813

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Electro optics, Titanium dioxide, Nonlinear optics, Resistance, Polymethylmethacrylate, Electrodes, Analytical research, Sol-gels, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 2016 Paper

Electro-optic enhancing interfacial buffer layers for nonlinear optic polymers

Fahima Ouchen, Emily Heckman, Larry Dalton, François Kajzar, Ileana Rau, James Grote

Proceedings Volume 9745, 974502 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2219631

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Electro optics, Cladding, Gold, Analytical research, Electrooptic modulators, Electro optic polymers, Electrodes, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2015 Paper

High-speed and low-power silicon-organic hybrid modulators for advanced modulation formats

M. Lauermann, S. Wolf, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, P. Schindler, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, A. Giesecke, M. Koenigsmann, M. Kohler, D. Malsam, D. Elder, L. Dalton, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, C. Koos

Proceedings Volume 9516, 951607 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180179

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Silicon, Modulation, Waveguides, Forward error correction, Electro optics, Signal generators, Chromophores, Transmitters, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2015 Open Access

Biopolymers in optoelectronics

Fahima Ouchen, Emily Heckman, Larry Dalton, James Grote

Proceedings Volume 9360, 936002 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083021

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, Polymers, Electrodes, Cladding, Electro optic polymers, Optoelectronics, Electro optics, Biopolymers, Control systems, Titanium dioxide

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2015 Paper

Terabit/s communications using chip-scale frequency comb sources

Christian Koos, Tobias Kippenberg, Liam Barry, Larry Dalton, Wolfgang Freude, Juerg Leuthold, Joerg Pfeifle, Claudius Weimann, Matthias Lauermann, Juned Kemal, Robert Palmer, Sebastian Koeber, Philipp Schindler, Tobias Herr, Victor Brasch, Regan Watts, Delwin Elder

Proceedings Volume 9343, 93430E (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2087572

KEYWORDS: Frequency combs, Modulation, Silicon, Wavelength division multiplexing, Data transmission, Polarization, Optical amplifiers, Modulators, Phase shift keying, Electro optics

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Proceedings Article | 10 September 2013 Paper

Shape engineering to promote head-tail interactions of electro-optic chromophores

Cheng Zhang, Lianjie Zhang, Stephanie Benight, Benjamin Olbricht, Lewis Johnson, Bruce Robinson, Robert Norwood, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 8827, 882705 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2025676

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Absorption, Optical alignment, Solid state physics, Polymers, Temperature metrology, Molecules, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Chemistry

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2013 Open Access

Theory-guided nano-engineering of organic electro-optic materials for hybrid silicon photonic, plasmonic, and metamaterial devices

Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 8622, 86220J (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2000246

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Composites, Monte Carlo methods, Binary data, Polymers, Absorption, Silicon photonics, Plasmonics, Metamaterials

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2012 Paper

Fabrication and characterization of a hybrid SOI 1x4 silicon-slot optical modulator array incorporating EO polymers for optical phased-array antenna applications

Richard Kim, Attila Szep, Nicholas Usechak, Antao Chen, Haishan Sun, Shouyuan Shi, Don Abeysinghe, Young-Hwan You, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 8259, 82590B (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.913652

KEYWORDS: Phased array optics, Waveguides, Modulators, Silicon, Polymers, Integrated optics, Near field optics, Optical arrays, Antennas, Beam steering

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2011 Open Access

Optimization of organic NLO materials for integration with silicon photonic, plasmonic (metal optics), and metamaterial devices

Larry Dalton, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Bruce Robinson, Rene Overney, Stephanie Benight, Daniel Knorr, Seongku Kim, Harold Fetterman, Cheng Zhang

Proceedings Volume 7935, 793502 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.881264

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Plasmonics, Electro optics, Silicon photonics, Metamaterials, Modulators, Nonlinear optics, Glasses, Metals, Waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2011 Paper

Filters and electro-optic modulators on fiber end-faces

Stefan Meister, Dawid Schweda, Marcus Dziedzina, Ronny Juhre, Aws Al-Saadi, Bülent Franke, Bernd Grimm, Sigurd Schrader, Stephanie Benight, Denise Bale, Ilya Kosilkin, Larry Dalton, Hans Eichler

Proceedings Volume 7913, 79130L (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875702

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Polymers, Electrodes, Fiber coatings, Electro optic polymers, Optical fibers, Mirrors, Electro optics, Coating, Tunable filters

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 2010 Paper

Active plasmonic and metamaterials and devices

Seong-Ku Kim, Nathan Sylvain, Stephanie Benight, Ilya Kosilkin, Denise Bale, Bruce Robinson, Junghun Park, Kevin Geary, Alex Jen, William Steier, Harold Fetterman, Pierre Berini, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 7754, 775403 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862061

KEYWORDS: Plasmonics, Electro optics, Metals, Metamaterials, Waveguides, Gold, Chromophores, Modulators, Modulation, Thin films

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2010 Paper

Theory-guided enhancement of poling efficiency of organic electro-optic materials

Stephanie Benight, Lewis Johnson, Daniel Knorr, Denise Bale, Ilya Kosilkin, Benjamin Olbricht, Philip Sullivan, Philip Reid, Bruce Robinson, Rene Overney, Alex Jen, William Steier, Seong-Ku Kim, Harold Fetterman, Dennis Prather, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 7774, 77740F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862059

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Glasses, Polymers, Composites, Dendrimers, Absorption, Molecules, Waveguides, Binary data

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2008 Paper

New organic nonlinear optical materials and their integration into silicon nanophotonic circuits and devices

Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 7118, 711803 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801704

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Silicon, Silicon photonics, Glasses, Binary data, Waveguides, Dielectrics, Monte Carlo methods, Nonlinear optical materials

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2007 Paper

Organic electro-optic/silicon photonic materials and devices

Larry Dalton, Philip Sullivan, Benjamin Olbricht, Yoshi Takimoto, John Rehr, Bruce Eichinger, Alok Mistry, Denise Bale, Harrison Rommel, Bruce Robinson

Proceedings Volume 6638, 66380I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.731652

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Chromophores, Silicon, Organic materials, Photonic devices, Waveguides, Nonlinear optical materials, Nonlinear optics, Absorption, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 26 September 2007 Paper

Impacts of terahertz scattering on the reflection spectrum for explosive detection

Zhen Zhou, Antao Chen, John Zhang, Lisa Zurk, Brian Orlowski, Eric Thorsos, Dale Winebrenner, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 6772, 67720T (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.733305

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Terahertz radiation, Reflection, Signal detection, Explosives detection, Sensors, Surface roughness, Gold, Explosives, Laser beam diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2007 Paper

Optical micro-resonator chemical sensor

Anna Pyayt, Xuanqi Zhang, Jingdong Luo, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton, Antao Chen

Proceedings Volume 6556, 65561D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.720329

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Microrings, Resonators, Refractive index, Polymers, Explosives, Waveguides, Molecules, Polarization, Chemical fiber sensors

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2007 Paper

New paradigm for ultrahigh electro-optic activity: through supramolecular self-assembly and novel lattice hardening

Tae-Dong Kim, Zhengwei Shi, Jingdong Luo, Sei-Hum Jang, Yen-Ju Cheng, Xinghua Zhou, Su Huang, Larry Dalton, Warren Herman, Alex K.-Y. Jen

Proceedings Volume 6470, 64700D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.716082

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Absorption, Binary data, Glasses, Nonlinear optics, Composites, Dendrimers, Molecular self-assembly, Electro optics

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2007 Paper

Electro-optic polymer microring resonators made by photobleaching

Anna Pyayt, Jun Zhou, Antao Chen, Jingdong Luo, Steven Hau, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 6470, 64700Y (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.699594

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Microrings, Resonators, Polymers, Polarization, Refractive index, Photomasks, Electron beam lithography, Ultraviolet radiation, Electro optic polymers

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2006 Paper

Single-molecule confocal microscopy studies of electric-field induced orientation in chromophore-polymer composite materials

D. Sluss, P. Wallace, K. Truong, B. Robinson, L. Dalton, P. Reid

Proceedings Volume 6331, 63310K (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.674778

KEYWORDS: Molecules, Polymers, Rhodamine B, Chromophores, Luminescence, Composites, Polarization, Confocal microscopy, Microscopy, Electro optic polymers

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2006 Paper

Theoretically inspired nano-engineering of complex photonic media

Larry Dalton, Yi Liao, Philip Sullivan, Bruce Robinson

Proceedings Volume 6320, 63200G (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.675273

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Dendrimers, Doping, Polymers, Composites, Glasses, Monte Carlo methods, Dielectrics, Nanoengineering

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2006 Paper

Pulse poling of high performance nonlinear chromophores in polymers

James Westphal, Antao Chen, Nathaniel Burt, Lih Lin, Larry Dalton, Jingdong Luo, Alex K.-Y. Jen

Proceedings Volume 6331, 63310H (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.698378

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electrodes, Polymers, Electro optics, Molecules, Refraction, Nonlinear optics, Dielectric breakdown, Crystals, Waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2006 Paper

Recent advances in organic electro-optic materials for ring micro-resonators and optical modulation

Andrew Akelaitis, Philip Sullivan, Jessi Sinness, Scott Hammond, Yi Liao, Rhys Lawson, Jocelyn Takayesu, Bruce Eichinger, Harry Rommel, Bruce Robinson, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 6101, 61010S (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.669592

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Dendrimers, Electro optics, Polymers, Molecules, Microresonators, Organic materials, Molecular aggregates, Absorption, Chemistry

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2006 Paper

Broadband electric field sensor with electro-optic polymer micro-ring resonator on side-polished optical fiber

Haishan Sun, Anna Pyajt, Jingdong Luo, Zhengwei Shi, Steven Hau, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton, Antao Chen

Proceedings Volume 6117, 611713 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.645339

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Resonators, Sensors, Polymers, Electric field sensors, Polishing, Electro optic polymers, Microrings, Electro optics, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 2 December 2005 Paper

Polymer materials for electro-optic and optoelectronic applications: Maximizing device performances by creating desirable intermolecular electrostatic interactions

Cheng Zhang, Sam-Shajing Sun, Carl Bonner, Songku Kim, Harold Fetterman, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 6020, 602007 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.636777

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Chromophores, Electro optic polymers, Luminescence, Absorption, Electro optics, Photovoltaics, Solar cells, Electrodes, Optoelectronics

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Proceedings Article | 28 October 2005 Paper

Optimizing electro-optic activity in chromophore/polymer composites and in organic chromophore glasses

Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson, Alex Jen, Philip Ried, Bruce Eichinger, Philip Sullivan, Andrew Akelaitis, Denise Bale, Marnie Haller, Jingdong Luo, Sen Liu, Yi Liao, Kimberly Firestone, Allyson Sago, Nishant Bhatambrekar, Sanchali Bhattacharjee, Jessica Sinness, Scott Hammond, Nicholas Buker, Robert Snoeberger, Mark Lingwood, Harry Rommel, Joe Amend, Sei-Hum Jang, Antao Chen, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 5990, 59900C (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.632749

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Chromophores, Glasses, Dendrimers, Binary data, Chemistry, Optical circuits, Composites, Electronics, Telecommunications

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Proceedings Article | 25 October 2005 Paper

Organic electro-optic glasses for WDM applications

Larry Dalton, Axel Scherer, Antao Chen, Alex Jen, Philip Reid, Bruce Robinson, Bruce Eichinger, M. Hochberg, T. Baehr-Jones, Anna Pyajt, Jocelyn Takayesu, Philip Sullivan, Andrew Akelaitis, Rhys Lawson, Denise Bale, Marnie Haller, Jingdong Luo, Sen Liu, Yi Liao, Kimberly Firestone, Sanchali Bhattacharjee, Jessica Sinness, Scott Hammond, Allyson Sgro, Nicholas Buker, Robert Snoeberger, Mark Lingwood, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 6014, 60140P (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.634366

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Glasses, Microresonators, Dendrimers, Binary data, Telecommunications, Silicon, Wavelength division multiplexing, Composites

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2005 Paper

Acentric lattice electro-optic materials by rational design

Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson, Alex Jen, Philip Ried, Bruce Eichinger, Philip Sullivan, Andrew Akelaitis, Denise Bale, Marnie Haller, Jingdong Luo, Sen Liu, Yi Liao, Kimberly Firestone, Nishant Bhatambrekar, Sanchali Bhattacharjee, Jessica Sinness, Scott Hammond, Nicholas Buker, Robert Snoeberger, Mark Lingwood, Harry Rommel, Joe Amend, Sei-Hum Jang, Antao Chen, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 5912, 59120A (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617232

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Glasses, Dendrimers, Binary data, Microresonators, Crystals, Telecommunications, Bridges, Monte Carlo methods

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Quantum and statistical mechanical calculations have been used to guide the improvement of the macroscopic electro-optic activity of organic thin film materials to values greater than 300 pm/V at telecommunication wavelengths. Various quantum mechanical methods (Hartree-Fock, INDO, and density functional theory) have been benchmarked and shown to be reliable for estimating trends in molecular first hyperpolarizability, β, for simple variation of donor, bridge, and acceptor structures of charge-transfer (dipolar) chromophores. β values have been increased significantly over the past five years and quantum mechanical calculations suggest that they can be further significantly improved. Statistical mechanical calculations, including pseudo-atomistic Monte Carlo calculations, have guided the design of the super/supramolecular structures of chromophores so that they assemble, under the influence of electric field poling, into macroscopic lattices with high degrees of acentric order. Indeed, during the past year, chromophores doped into single- and multi-chromophore-containing dendrimer materials to form binary glasses have yielded thin films that exhibit electro-optic activities at telecommunication wavelengths of greater than 300 pm/V. Such materials may be viewed as intermediate between chromophore/polymer composites and crystalline organic chromophore materials. Theory suggests that further improvements of electro-optic activity are possible. Auxiliary properties of these materials, including optical loss, thermal and photochemical stability, and processability are discussed. Such organic electro-optic materials have been incorporated into silicon photonic circuitry for active wavelength division multiplexing, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing, and high bandwidth optical rectification. A variety of all-organic devices, including stripline, cascaded prism, Fabry-Perot etalon, and ring microresonator devices, have been fabricated and evaluated.

Proceedings Article | 30 August 2005 Paper

Electro-optic coefficients of 500 pm/V and beyond for organic materials

Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson, Alex Jen, Philip Ried, Bruce Eichinger, Philip Sullivan, Andrew Akelaitis, Denise Bale, Marnie Haller, Jingdong Luo, Sen Liu, Yi Liao, Kimberly Firestone, Nishant Bhatambrekar, Sanchali Bhattacharjee, Jessica Sinness, Scott Hammond, Nicholas Buker, Robert Snoeberger, Mark Lingwood, Harry Rommel, Joe Amend, Sei-Hum Jang, Antao Chen, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 5935, 593502 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617343

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Dendrimers, Glasses, Binary data, Organic materials, Monte Carlo methods, Microresonators, Electrodes, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2005 Paper

Frequency-agile hyper-Rayleigh scattering studies of electro-optic chromophores

Kimberly Firestone, David Lao, Daniel Casmier, Olivier Clot, Larry Dalton, Philip Reid

Proceedings Volume 5935, 59350P (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617624

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Bridges, Oscillators, Hyper Rayleigh scattering, Molecules, Molecular bridges, Light scattering, Femtosecond phenomena, Nonlinear optics

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2005 Paper

Exceptional electro-optic properties through molecular design and controlled self-assembly

Alex Jen, Jingdong Luo, Tae-Dong Kim, Baoquan Chen, Sei-Hum Jang, Jae-Wook Kang, Neil Tucker, Steven Hau, Yanqing Tian, Jae-Won Ka, Marnie Haller, Yi Liao, Bruce Robinson, Larry Dalton, Warren Herman

Proceedings Volume 5935, 593506 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620806

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Fluorine, Silicon, Chemistry, Bridges, Electro optics, Glasses, Molecular self-assembly

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2005 Paper

Novel wavelength selective switch based on electro-optical polymer microrings

Anna Pyajt, Larry Dalton, Antao Chen

Proceedings Volume 5935, 59350W (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.617614

KEYWORDS: Switches, Waveguides, Switching, Polymers, Microrings, Electro optic polymers, Electro optics, Resonators, Polarization, Light wave propagation

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2005 Paper

All-organic and organic-silicon photonic ring micro-resonators

Antao Chen, Larry Dalton, Travis Sherwood, Alex Jen, Payam Rabiei, William Steier, Yanyi Huang, George Paloczi, Joyce Poon, Axel Scherer, Amnon Yariv

Proceedings Volume 5708, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.609082

KEYWORDS: Resonators, Polymers, Microrings, Waveguides, Lithography, Electro optics, Microresonators, Electrodes, Cladding, Modulators

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

A novel approach to achieve higher order using pseudo-discotic chromophores in electro-optic materials and devices

Nishant Bhatambrekar, Scott Hammond, Jessica Sinness, Olivier Clot, Harry Rommel, Antao Chen, Bruce Robinson, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5724, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589734

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Monte Carlo methods, Crystals, Refractive index, Liquid crystals, Dielectrics, Molecules, Reflection, Organic materials

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

A biased push-pull technique to achieve fractional volt half-wave voltage of Mach-Zehnder modulators

Nishant Bhatambrekar, Anna Pyajt, Jingdong Luo, Larry Dalton, Alex Jen, Antao Chen

Proceedings Volume 5724, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.591435

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Chromophores, Polymers, Electro optics, Waveguides, Electrodes, Cladding, Gold, Temperature metrology, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

Effects of the electric field poling procedure on electro-optic coefficient for guest-host nonlinear optic polymers

Joshua Hagen, James Grote, John Zetts, Darnell Diggs, Robert Nelson, Frank Hopkins, Perry Yaney, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5724, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.593643

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Electro optics, Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Electrodes, Polymethylmethacrylate, Molecules, Glasses, Temperature metrology, Gold

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

Polymer ring resonator made by two-photon polymerization and vertically coupled to a side-polished optical fiber

Travis Sherwood, Cody Young, Jocelyn Takayesu, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton, Antao Chen

Proceedings Volume 5724, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.591422

KEYWORDS: Resonators, Waveguides, Optical fibers, Polymers, Two photon polymerization, Polishing, Polymerization, Optical filters, Quartz, Optical fabrication

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2005 Paper

Feasibility study of integration of electro-optic polymer waveguide device with MOSFET circuitry on silicon

Susan Soggs, Haishan Sun, Antao Chen, Kian Kaviani, Nishant Bhatambrekar, Anna Pyajt, Jingdong Luo, Larry Dalton, Babak Parviz, Alex Jen

Proceedings Volume 5730, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589857

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Modulators, Field effect transistors, Waveguides, Silicon, Transistors, Metals, Electrodes, Oxides, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 19 January 2005 Paper

Self-assembled monolayer modifications of organic thin film transistors

Ivan Shuvalov, Rhys Lawson, Hong Ma, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5592, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.569304

KEYWORDS: Self-assembled monolayers, Polymers, Transistors, Polymer thin films, Capacitance, Thin films, Semiconductors, Electrodes, Gold, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 2004 Paper

Organic electro-optic materials

Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson, Alex Jen, Philip Ried, Bruce Eichinger, Sei-Hum Jang, Jingdong Luo, Sen Liu, Yi Liao, Kimberly Firestone, Nishant Bhatambrekar, Denise Bale, Marnie Haller, Sanchali Bhattacharjee, Jessica Schendel, Philip Sullivan, Scott Hammond, Nicholas Buker, Field Cady, Antao Chen, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 5621, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.584102

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Chromophores, Cladding, Silicon, Telecommunications, Lithium niobate, Electrodes, Bridges, Polymers, Molecular interactions

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2004 Paper

Exploration of a series-type multifunctionalized nonlinear optical chromophore concept

Philip Sullivan, Sanchali Bhattacharjee, Bruce Eichinger, Kimberly Firestone, Bruce Robinson, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5351, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.527818

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Molecules, Polarization, Fiber to the x, Nonlinear optics, Telecommunications, Bridges, Control systems, Chemistry, Optical computing

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2004 Paper

Recent progress in developing highly efficient and thermally stable nonlinear optical polymers for electro-optics

Jingdong Luo, Sen Liu, Marnie Haller, Jae-Wook Kang, Tae-Dong Kim, Sei-Hum Jang, Baoquan Chen, Neil Tucker, Hongxiang Li, Hong-Zhi Tang, Larry Dalton, Yi Liao, Bruce Robinson, Alex Jen

Proceedings Volume 5351, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533170

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Electro optics, Electro optic polymers, Electroactive polymers, Absorption, Optical filters, Refractive index, Thin films

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2004 Open Access

Organic electro-optic materials: some unique opportunities

Larry Dalton, A. Jen, William Steier, Bruce Robinson, Sei-Hum Jang, Olivier Clot, Hee Song, Ying-Hao Kuo, Cheng Zhang, Payam Rabiei, Seh-Won Ahn, M. Oh

Proceedings Volume 5351, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533167

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Chromophores, Microresonators, Polymers, Modulators, Waveguides, Dendrimers, Bridges, Silicon, Telecommunications

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2004 Paper

Systematic studies of organic thin film transistor improvements

Ivan Shuvalov, Rhys Lawson, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5351, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.527520

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Electrodes, Transistors, Thin films, Polymer thin films, Field effect transistors, Gold, Coating, Dielectrics, Semiconductors

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2004 Paper

DNA photonics

Joshua Hagen, James Grote, Naoya Ogata, John Zetts, Robert Nelson, Darnell Diggs, Frank Hopkins, Perry Yaney, Larry Dalton, Stephen Clarson

Proceedings Volume 5351, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533171

KEYWORDS: Cladding, Chromophores, Polymers, Electro optics, Electrodes, Polymethylmethacrylate, Refractive index, Manufacturing, Glasses, Coating

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2004 Paper

New paradigm in NLO chromophore design through a gradient bridge concept

Daniel Casmier, Philip Sullivan, Olivier Clot, Kimberly Firestone, Bruce Eichinger, Susan Lee, Steve Heller, Ariel Brumbaugh, Bjorn Millard, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5351, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.527806

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Bridges, Nonlinear optics, Molecules, Silica, Chromatography, Chlorine, Solids, Potassium, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2004 Paper

Synthesis and design of organic light-emitting devices containing lanthanide cored complexes

Gregory Phelan, Brenden Carlson, Rhys Lawson, Daniel Rowe, Kolby Allen, Larry Dalton, Xuezhong Jiang, Joo Kim, Alex Jen

Proceedings Volume 5214, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506518

KEYWORDS: Europium, Lanthanides, Metals, Molecules, Energy transfer, Osmium, Polymers, Gadolinium, Organic light emitting diodes, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 16 February 2004 Paper

Tuned emission from organic light-emitting devices based upon divalent osmium complexes

Brenden Carlson, Gregory Phelan, Joo Kim, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5214, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506515

KEYWORDS: Osmium, Absorption, Electroluminescence, Energy transfer, External quantum efficiency, Organic light emitting diodes, Metals, Quantum efficiency, Ions, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 24 November 2003 Paper

Nanoscale architectural control of organic functional materials for photonics

Jingdong Luo, Tae-Dong Kim, Hong Ma, Sen Liu, Seok-Ho Kang, Sharon Wong, Marnie Haller, Sei-Hum Jang, Hongxiang Li, Richard Barto, Curtis Frank, Larry Dalton, Alex Jen

Proceedings Volume 5224, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.508356

KEYWORDS: Fluorine, Polymers, Dendrimers, Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Waveguides, Photonics, Thermography, Resistance, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 10 November 2003 Paper

Simple reflection measurement of nonlinear optical activity using silicon as an electrode

Marnie Haller, Rhys Lawson, Olivier Clot, Travis Sherwood, Larry Dalton, Alex Jen

Proceedings Volume 5212, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506140

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Electrodes, Polymers, Oxides, Modulation, Semiconducting wafers, Electro optic polymers, Electro optics, Chromophores, Gold

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2003 Paper

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based nonlinear optics

James Grote, Naoya Ogata, Joshua Hagen, Emily Heckman, Michael Curley, Perry Yaney, Morley Stone, Darnell Diggs, Robert Nelson, John Zetts, Frank Hopkins, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 5211, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.510909

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, Waveguides, Molecules, Multiphoton processes, Electromagnetism, Active optics, Molecular photonics, Photonic devices, Chromophores, Polymethylmethacrylate

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2003 Paper

What the ultimate polymeric electro-optic materials will be: guest-host, crosslinked, or side-chain?

Cheng Zhang, Hua Zhang, Min-Cheol Oh, Larry Dalton, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 4991, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479445

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Chromophores, Modulators, Waveguides, Electro optic polymers, Second-harmonic generation, Electro optics, Thermography, Cladding, Nitrogen

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2003 Paper

Recent progress in developing highly efficient nonlinear optical chromophores and side-chain dendronized polymers for electro-optics

Jingdong Luo, Sen Liu, Marnie Haller, Hongxiang Li, Tae-Dong Kim, Kyoung-Soo Kim, Hong-Zhi Tang, Seok-Ho Kang, Sei-Hum Jang, Hong Ma, Larry Dalton, Alex K. Y. Jen

Proceedings Volume 4991, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.475459

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Microwave radiation, Electro optics, Electro optic polymers, Polymethylmethacrylate, Dendrimers, Absorption, Molecules

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2003 Paper

Organic electro-optics: exploiting the best of electronics and photonics

Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson, Robert Nielsen, Alex Jen, Daniel Casmier, Payam Rabiei, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 4991, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479440

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Polymers, Dendrimers, Microresonators, Composites, Electronics, Telecommunications, Waveguides, Photonics

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2003 Paper

Organic light-emitting devices based upon divalent osmium complexes: I. Design, synthesis, and characterization of osmium complexes.

Brenden Carlson, Gregory Phelan, Xuezhong Jiang, Werner Kaminsky, Alex K.Y. Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4800, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451877

KEYWORDS: Osmium, Organic light emitting diodes, Metals, Chemical species, Absorption, Quantum efficiency, Molecules, Phosphorescence, Arsenic, Crystals

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2003 Paper

Organic light-emitting diodes containing fluorinated asymmetrical europium cored beta-diketone complexes

Gregory Phelan, Brenden Carlson, Xuezhong Jiang, Alex K.Y. Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4800, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451879

KEYWORDS: Europium, Metals, Polymers, Electroluminescence, Absorption, Energy transfer, Luminescence, External quantum efficiency, Organic light emitting diodes, Light emitting diodes

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Proceedings Article | 18 December 2002 Paper

Nanoscale tailoring of dendrimers and polymers for photonic and optoelectronic applications

Alex Jen, Jingdong Luo, Hong Ma, Sen Liu, Lu Liu, Marnie Haller, Takafumi Sassa, Seok Kang, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4798, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452122

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, Chromophores, Polymers, Dendrimers, Fluorine, Optoelectronics, Thermography, Electro optics, Absorption, Polymethylmethacrylate

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Proceedings Article | 18 December 2002 Paper

Organic electro-optics: from molecules to devices

Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson, Robert Nielsen, Alex Jen, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 4798, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.455890

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Polymers, Dendrimers, Composites, Crystals, Fabrication, Telecommunications, Waveguides, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 18 December 2002 Paper

Effects of side-chain modification on poling efficiency of highly polarizable nonlinear optical chromophores in electro-optical polymers

Sen Liu, Takafumi Sassa, Hong Ma, Alex Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4798, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452067

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Magnesium, Chromatography, Silica, Sodium, Electro optic polymers, Electro optics, Bridges

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Proceedings Article | 15 November 2002 Paper

Investigation of the capacitance minimum of unannealed single-walled carbon nanotube papers in aqueous sodium chloride

Leonard Fifield, Larry Dalton, Geoffrey Spinks

Proceedings Volume 4807, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456530

KEYWORDS: Capacitance, Single walled carbon nanotubes, Carbon nanotubes, Actuators, Carbon, Electrodes, Sodium, Annealing, Nanolithography, Capacitors

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Proceedings Article | 11 November 2002 Paper

Nonlinear optic polymer electro-optic modulators for space applications

James Grote, John Zetts, Robert Nelson, Darnell Diggs, Frank Hopkins, Perry Yaney, Cheng Zhang, William Steier, Min-Cheol Oh, Harold Fetterman, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Larry Dalton, Edward Taylor, James Winter, Anthony Sanchez, Douglas Craig

Proceedings Volume 4823, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453494

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Cladding, Nonlinear optics, Electro optic polymers, Electrodes, Polymethylmethacrylate, Space operations, Refractive index, Glasses, Chromium

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Proceedings Article | 4 November 2002 Paper

Organic light-emitting devices based upon divalent osmium complexes: II. Design, fabrication, and characterization of osmium nanoscale devices

Brenden Carlson, Xuezhong Jiang, Alex K.Y. Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4809, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453782

KEYWORDS: Osmium, Absorption, Electroluminescence, External quantum efficiency, Quantum efficiency, Energy transfer, Organic light emitting diodes, Molecules, Metals, Calcium

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Proceedings Article | 4 November 2002 Paper

Organic light-emitting diodes incorporating nanometer thick films of europium-cored complexes

Gregory Phelan, Brenden Carlson, Xuezhong Jiang, Alex K.Y. Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4809, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453781

KEYWORDS: Europium, Energy transfer, Polymers, Electroluminescence, Gadolinium, Metals, External quantum efficiency, Absorption, Luminescence, Ultraviolet radiation

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Europium cored complexes may be used as a source of red emission in light emitting diodes. Novel europium cored complexes have been synthesized and incorporated into organic light emitting diodes (OLED's). These complexes emit red light at 615 nm with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of less than 5 nm. The europium complexes consist of one equivalent of europium chelated to three equivalents of a nonsymmetrical β-diketone ligand. The Claissen condensation of a polycyclic aromatic sensitizer and an ester of a fluorinated carboxylic acid create the ligands. The use of a sensitizer such as phenanthrene results in a ligand that has an emission band that directly overlaps with the absorption band of europium. The use of fluorinated chains improves the overall processibility as well as the charge transfer capability of the resulting metal cored complex. The europium core is further encapsulated by the inclusion of an additional polycyclic aromatic compound such as 4, 7 diphenyl - 1, 10 phenanthroline. Emission of 615 nm light is accomplished through excitation of the ligand and efficient Forrester energy transfer to the europium complex. A multiple layer device consisting of a substrate of indium tin oxide, followed by thin layers of BTPD-PFCB (with a thickness of 20nm), a polymer blend containing the europium complex (30 nm), followed by a layer of calcium (50nm) and finally a protective layer of silver (120 nm). The polymer blends were either poly(n-vinyl carbazole)(PVK) or poly vinyl naphthalene (PVN). The device performance was further improved by the incorporation of another lanthanide metal complex. These complexes were based upon similar ligands surrounding gadolinium. In these devices, there is a Dexter energy transfer as well as the Forster energy transfer. For the devices that are based on a PVN:PBD as a polymer host, the lowest turn on voltage was 12.0 volts. The devices that use PVK:TPD devices was 178 cd/m² with an external quantum efficiency of 0.61%.For PVK:TKD the brightness was 116 cd/m² with an external quantum efficiency of 0.048%. Devices that incorporate the gadolinium complexes have the turn on voltage of 5.6 volts. We report a maximum brightness of 201 cd/m² with an external quantum efficiency of 1.0%.

Proceedings Article | 25 October 2002 Paper

Materials characterization for nonlinear optic polymer waveguide modulator design

Darnell Diggs, James Grote, Antonio Davis, Cheng Zhang, John Zetts, Robert Nelson, Larry Dalton, Perry Yaney, Frank Hopkins

Proceedings Volume 4813, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453940

KEYWORDS: Cladding, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Refractive index, Electro optic polymers, Polymethylmethacrylate, Waveguides, Photoresist materials, Photoresist developing, Polymer multimode waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2002 Paper

New liquid crystal materials enabling revolutionary display devices

Julia Kornfield, Noel Clark, Larry Dalton, Seth Marder, Christopher Ober, Peter Palffy-Muhoray, Joseph Perry, Ned Thomas, David Walba, Shin-Tson Wu

Proceedings Volume 4712, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480960

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Polymers, Liquids, Crystals, Photonic crystals, LCDs, Electro optics, Analog electronics, Switching, Birefringence

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 2002 Paper

Optimized cladding materials for nonlinear-optic polymer-based devices

Mary Leovich, Perry Yaney, Cheng Zhang, William Steier, Min-Cheol Oh, Harold Fetterman, Alex K.Y. Jen, Larry Dalton, James Grote, Robert Nelson, John Zetts, Frank Hopkins

Proceedings Volume 4652, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469557

KEYWORDS: Cladding, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Electrodes, Polymethylmethacrylate, Optoelectronics, Electro optic polymers, Glasses, Absorption, Electro optics

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 2001 Paper

Highly efficient and thermally stable organic/polymeric electro-optic materials by dendritic approach

Alex K.Y. Jen, Hong Ma, Takafumi Sassa, Sen Liu, S. Suresh, Larry Dalton, Marnie Haller

Proceedings Volume 4461, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.449830

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Dendrimers, Polymers, Electro optics, Molecular interactions, Telecommunications, Modulators, Very large scale integration, Integrated optics

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Proceedings Article | 6 December 2001 Paper

Advancements in conductive cladding materials for nonlinear-optic-polymer-based optoelectronic devices

James Grote, John Zetts, Robert Nelson, Frank Hopkins, Jeremy Huddleston, Perry Yaney, Cheng Zhang, William Steier, Min-Cheol Oh, Harold Fetterman, Alex K.Y. Jen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4470, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.449656

KEYWORDS: Cladding, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Polymethylmethacrylate, Photoresist materials, Photoresist developing, Refractive index, Electro optic polymers, Electrodes, Gold

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2001

Effect of conductivity and dielectric constant on the modulation voltage for nonlinear optic polymer based opto-electronic devices

James Grote, John Zetts, Robert Nelson, Frank Hopkins, Larry Dalton, Cheng Zhang, William Steier

OE, Vol. 40, Issue 11, (November 2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1412227

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Cladding, Nonlinear optics, Dielectrics, Polymethylmethacrylate, Modulation, Electrodes, Waveguides, Optoelectronics, Optical engineering

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2001

Polymeric waveguide prism-based electro-optic beam deflector

Lin Sun, Jin-ha Kim, Chiou-Hung Jang, Dechang An, Xuejun Lu, Qingjun Zhou, John Taboada, Ray Chen, Jeffery Maki, Suning Tang, Hua Zhang, William Steier, Cheng Zhang, Larry Dalton

OE, Vol. 40, Issue 07, (July 2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1385164

Proceedings Article | 15 June 2001 Paper

Polymetric waveguide beam deflector for electro-optic switching

Jin-ha Kim, Lin Sun, Chiou-Hung Jang, Dechang An, John Taboada, Qingjun Zhou, Xuejun Lu, Ray Chen, Bulang Li, Xinghua Han, Suning Tang, Hua Zhang, William Steier, Albert Ren, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4279, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.429392

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Waveguides, Electrodes, Refractive index, Modulation, Switching, Polymer multimode waveguides, Prisms, Electro optics, Photorefractive polymers

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2001 Paper

Defining performance limits for polymeric EO modulators

Bruce Robinson, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4279, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.429365

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Chromophores, Polymers, Electro optic polymers, Modulators, Thermography, Dendrimers, Oxygen, Monte Carlo methods, Phased array optics

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Proceedings Article | 29 November 2000 Paper

Low-driving-voltage electro-optic polymer modulators for advanced photonic applications

James Bechtel, Yongqiang Shi, Hua Zhang, William Steier, Cheng Zhang, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4114, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.408539

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Chromophores, Polymers, Electrodes, Waveguides, Electrooptic modulators, Fiber optic communications, Electro optics, Electro optic polymers, Telecommunications

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Proceedings Article | 29 November 2000 Paper

Synthesis of new second-order nonlinear optical chromophores: implementing lessons learned from theory and experiment

Cheng Zhang, Galina Todorova, Chuanguang Wang, Timothy Londergan, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4114, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.408541

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Absorption, Modulators, Polyurethane, Electro optics, Modulation, Geometrical optics, Waveguides, Thermography, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 29 November 2000 Paper

Systematic optimization of polymeric electro-optic materials

Larry Dalton, Bruce Robinson, William Steier, Cheng Zhang, Galina Todorova

Proceedings Volume 4114, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.408540

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Electro optics, Polymers, Electro optic polymers, Integrated optics, Monte Carlo methods, Thermography, Crystals, Chemistry, Telecommunications

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Proceedings Article | 29 November 2000 Paper

Conductive cladding layers for electrode-poled nonlinear optic polymer electro-optics

James Grote, John Zetts, Robert Nelson, Frank Hopkins, Cheng Zhang, Larry Dalton, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 4114, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.408544

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Cladding, Nonlinear optics, Promethium, Electro optic polymers, Electrodes, Polymethylmethacrylate, Electro optics, Polymer multimode waveguides, Waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 29 November 2000 Paper

Photonic time stretching of 102-GHz millimeter waves using 1.55-um polymer electro-optic modulator

Harold Fetterman, Daniel Chang, Hernan Erlig, Min-Cheol Oh, Cheng Zhang, William Steier, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 4114, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.408567

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Modulation, Dispersion, Polymers, Optical fibers, Single sideband modulation, Electro optic polymers, Electrooptic modulators, Signal attenuation, Microwave radiation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 June 2000

Vertically tapered polymer waveguide mode size transformer for improved fiber coupling

Antao Chen, Vadim Chuyanov, Felix Marti-Carrera, Sean Garner, William Steier, Jinghong Chen, Sam-Shajing Sun, Larry Dalton

OE, Vol. 39, Issue 06, (June 2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602523

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Cladding, Polymers, Etching, Transformers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Fiber couplers, Waveguide modes, Reactive ion etching, Channel waveguides

Proceedings Article | 19 April 2000 Paper

1x2 Y-fed directional coupler modulator based on electro-optic polymer

Dechang An, Suning Tang, Zan Shi, Lin Sun, John Taboada, Qingjun Zhou, Xuejun Lu, Ray Chen, Hua Zhang, William Steier, Albert Ren, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 3950, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.382150

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Polymers, Waveguides, Electro optic polymers, Modulation, Directional couplers, Electrodes, Switching, Polymer multimode waveguides, Polyurethane

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2000 Paper

Effect of dielectric constant on modulation voltage for nonlinear optic polymer-based optoelectronic devices

James Grote, John Zetts, James Drummond, Robert Nelson, Frank Hopkins, Cheng Zhang, Larry Dalton, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 3950, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.382152

KEYWORDS: Cladding, Dielectrics, Polymers, Modulation, Nonlinear optics, Optoelectronic devices, Electrodes, Analytical research, Optoelectronics, Phase shift keying

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2000 Paper

Beam deflection with electro-optic polymeric waveguide prism array

Lin Sun, Jin-ha Kim, Chiou-Hung Jang, Jeffery Maki, Dechang An, Qingjun Zhou, Xuejun Lu, John Taboada, Ray Chen, Suning Tang, Hua Zhang, William Steier, Albert Ren, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 3950, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.382151

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Prisms, Polymers, Electro optic polymers, Waveguides, Beam propagation method, Electrodes, Wave propagation, Planar waveguides, Polymer multimode waveguides

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2000

Polymeric electro-optic materials: optimization of electro-optic activity, minimization of optical loss, and fine-tuning of device performance

Larry Dalton

OE, Vol. 39, Issue 03, (March 2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602403

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Chromophores, Polymers, Electro optic polymers, Modulators, Absorption, Waveguides, Polymethylmethacrylate, Scattering, Lithium niobate

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 December 1999

DC biased electro-optic polymer waveguide modulators with low half-wave voltage and high thermal stability

Antao Chen, Vadim Chuyanov, Hua Zhang, Sean Garner, Sang-Shin Lee, William Steier, Jinghong Chen, Fang Wang, Jingsong Zhu, Mingqian He, Younsoo Ra, Shane Mao, Aaron Harper, Larry Dalton, Harold Fetterman

OE, Vol. 38, Issue 12, (December 1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602303

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Chromophores, Modulators, Waveguides, Electro optic polymers, Cladding, Modulation, Electrodes, Polymethylmethacrylate, Packaging

Proceedings Article | 18 May 1999 Paper

Recent development of highly efficient chromophores and polymers for electro-optic device applications

Alex K.Y. Jen, Hong Ma, Xiaoming Wu, Jianyao Wu, Sen Liu, Seth Marder, Larry Dalton, Ching-Fong Shu

Proceedings Volume 3623, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.348388

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Absorption, Electro optic polymers, Electro optics, Chemistry, Analog electronics, Thin films, Optoelectronic devices

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Proceedings Article | 4 December 1998 Paper

Vertically integrated polymer waveguide device minimizing insertion loss and Vpi

Sean Garner, Sang-Shin Lee, Vadim Chuyanov, Araz Yacoubian, Antao Chen, William Steier, Jingsong Zhu, Jinghong Chen, Fang Wang, Albert Ren, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 3491, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328767

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Modulators, Polymers, Signal attenuation, Electro optics, Electro optic polymers, Modulation, Wave propagation, Polymer multimode waveguides, Integrated optics

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 1998 Paper

Nonlinear measurements on AF-50

Paul Fleitz, Mark Brant, Richard Sutherland, Friedrich Strohkendl, R. Larsen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 3472, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.326876

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Optical limiting, Nonlinear optics, Femtosecond phenomena, Molecules, Collimation, Optical testing, Dye lasers, Laser energy, Nd:YAG lasers

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Proceedings Article | 17 April 1998 Paper

Low-Vpi high-thermal-stability electro-optic polymer waveguide modulators using the full potenetial of high-mu-beta chromophores with a DC bias voltage

Proceedings Volume 3281, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.305409

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Modulators, Waveguides, Cladding, Electrodes, Modulation, Electro optic polymers, Polymethylmethacrylate, Packaging

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 1998 Paper

Integrated optic vertical polarization splitters using polymers

Sean Garner, Vadim Chuyanov, Antao Chen, Sang-Shin Lee, William Steier, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 3278, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.298220

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Polarization, Polymers, Dielectric polarization, Integrated optics, Reactive ion etching, Etching, Optical lithography, Photoresist materials, Cladding

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1997 Paper

Two-photon spectra of C60 and C70 films between 0.74 and 1.7 um

Friedrich Strohkendl, Theresa Axenson, R. Larsen, Larry Dalton, Robert Hellwarth, Zakya Kafafi

Proceedings Volume 3142, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.293358

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Photons, Thin films, Spectroscopy, Third-harmonic generation, Four wave mixing, Femtosecond phenomena, Polarization density, Fullerenes, Nonlinear optics

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Proceedings Article | 13 October 1997 Paper

Fast trimming of electro-optic polymer waveguide Y-branches by post-photobleaching for tuning the power splitting ratio

Antao Chen, Vadim Chuyanov, Felix Marti-Carrera, Sean Garner, William Steier, Shane Mao, Younsoo Ra, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 3147, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.279318

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Polymers, Electro optic polymers, Chromophores, Polymer multimode waveguides, Microscopes, Reactive ion etching, Waveguide modes, Modulators, Ultraviolet radiation

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 1997 Paper

The role of intermolecular interactions in fabricating hardened electro-optic materials

Larry Dalton, Aaron Harper, Jinghong Chen, Sam-Shajing Sun, Shane Mao, Sean Garner, Antao Chen, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 10290, 102900F (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.279822

KEYWORDS: Electro optics, Chromophores, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Electro optic polymers, Signal attenuation, Modulators, Photonic devices, Thermography, Polymer multimode waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 1997 Paper

Integrated polymer waveguide mode size transformer with a vertical taper for improved fiber coupling

Antao Chen, Vadim Chuyanov, Felix Marti-Carrera, Sean Garner, William Steier, Jinghong Chen, Sam-Shajing Sun, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 3005, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.271074

KEYWORDS: Cladding, Waveguides, Polymers, Etching, Transformers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Fiber couplers, Reactive ion etching, Waveguide modes, Channel waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 22 January 1997 Paper

High-bandwidth polymer modulators

Datong Chen, Harold Fetterman, Antao Chen, William Steier, Larry Dalton, Wenshen Wang, Yongqiang Shi

Proceedings Volume 3006, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.264232

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Polymers, Waveguides, Modulation, Heterodyning, Extremely high frequency, Electrodes, Semiconductors, System integration, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 1996 Paper

Degenerate four-wave mixing spectrum of C60 between 0.74 and 1.7 um

Friedrich Strohkendl, Theresa Axenson, Larry Dalton, Robert Hellwarth, H. Sarkas, Zakya Kafafi

Proceedings Volume 2854, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.262990

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Phase measurement, Data modeling, Femtosecond phenomena, Four wave mixing, Optical amplifiers, Polarization, Silica, Amplifiers, Fullerenes

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Proceedings Article | 8 December 1995 Paper

Nonlinear optical properties of a C70 film between 740 and 880 nm

Friedrich Strohkendl, R. Larsen, Theresa Axenson, Larry Dalton, Robert Hellwarth, H. Sarkas, Zakya Kafafi

Proceedings Volume 2530, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.228116

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Silica, Polarization, Phase measurement, Dielectric polarization, Detection theory, Fullerenes, Molecules, Nonlinear optics, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 1995 Paper

Novel electro-optic measurement technique for coplanar electrode-poled polymers

Mehrdad Ziari, Srinath Kalluri, Sean Garner, William Steier, Zhiyong Liang, Larry Dalton, Yongqiang Shi

Proceedings Volume 2527, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.222792

KEYWORDS: Modulation, Polymers, Absorption, Electro optics, Signal detection, Electrodes, Electro optic polymers, Sensors, Optical amplifiers, Electroactive polymers

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 1995 Paper

Integration of polymer electro-optic devices on nonplanar silicon-integrated circuits

Srinath Kalluri, Antao Chen, Vadim Chuyanov, Mehrdad Ziari, William Steier, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 2527, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.222809

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Silicon, Waveguides, Electro optic polymers, Modulators, Electro optics, Modulation, Signal detection, Cladding, Very large scale integration

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Proceedings Article | 15 September 1995 Paper

Ultrastructure synthesis of special architectures for photonic applications: high-frequency electro-optic modulators and high-density optical memories

Larry Dalton, Aaron Harper, Jingsong Zhu, William Steier, R. Salovey, J. Wu, Uzi Efron

Proceedings Volume 2528, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.219537

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Electro optic polymers, Sol-gels, Nonlinear optics, Polymer thin films, Electro optics, Hole burning spectroscopy, Electrooptic modulators, Optical storage

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Proceedings Article | 28 November 1994 Paper

Nonlinear optical properties of a C60 film at wavelengths between 720 and 880 nm

Friedrich Strohkendl, R. Larsen, Larry Dalton, Robert Hellwarth, H. Sarkas, Zakya Kafafi

Proceedings Volume 2284, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.196138

KEYWORDS: Silica, Fullerenes, Photonics, Thin films, Polarization, Femtosecond phenomena, Diffraction gratings, Nonlinear optics, Diffraction, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1994 Paper

Measurement of the electro-optic coefficient dispersion in poled polymer materials

Yongqiang Shi, James Bechtel, Srinath Kalluri, William Steier, Chengzeng Xu, Bo Wu, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 2285, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.187509

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Electrodes, Modulation, Nonlinear optics, Polymer thin films, Absorption, Diffraction gratings, Electro optics, Diffraction, Electroactive polymers

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1994 Paper

Enhancement of electro-optic properties and temperature stability in sol-gel polymer thin films

Srinath Kalluri, William Steier, Zhixin Yang, Chengzeng Xu, Bo Wu, Larry Dalton, Yongqiang Shi, James Bechtel

Proceedings Volume 2285, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.187502

KEYWORDS: Sol-gels, Chromophores, Polymers, Second-harmonic generation, Temperature metrology, Nonlinear optics, Signal detection, Glasses, Electro optics, Polymer thin films

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1994 Paper

Studies of optical nonlinearity in bis-thienyl polyenes

Nansheng Tang, Jouni Partanen, Robert Hellwarth, J. Laquindanum, Larry Dalton, Mingqian He, Charles Spangler

Proceedings Volume 2285, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.187514

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Nonlinear optics, Error analysis, Bipolarons, Interferometry, Molecules, Chemistry, Polymers, Data modeling, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1994 Paper

Development of highly active, thermally stable chromophores and polymers for electro-optic applications

Alex K.Y. Jen, Varanasi Rao, K. Drost, Yongming Cai, Robert Mininni, John Kenney, Edward Binkley, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 2285, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.187500

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Absorption, Electro optics, Electro optic polymers, Bridges, Electroactive polymers, Thin films, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 1994 Paper

Progress on heteroaromatic chromophores in high-temperature polymers for electro-optic applications

Alex K.Y. Jen, Varanasi Rao, K. Drost, Yongming Cai, Robert Mininni, John Kenney, Edward Binkley, Larry Dalton, Seth Marder

Proceedings Volume 2143, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.173832

KEYWORDS: Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Signal attenuation, Polymers, Cladding, Channel waveguides, Waveguides, Electro optics, Absorption, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 1993 Paper

Waveguide photonic devices made from thermally crosslinked second-order nonlinear optical polymers

William Steier, Yongqiang Shi, Peter Ranon, Chengzeng Xu, Bo Wu, Larry Dalton, Wenshen Wang, David Chen, Harold Fetterman

Proceedings Volume 2025, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.165293

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Waveguides, Nonlinear optics, Cladding, Reactive ion etching, Ultraviolet radiation, Chromophores, Temperature metrology, Etching, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 1993 Paper

Anchoring both ends of the chromophore in the side-chain nonlinear optical polymer for improved thermal stability

Yongqiang Shi, Peter Ranon, William Steier, Chengzeng Xu, Bo Wu, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 2025, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.165247

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Chromophores, Nonlinear optics, Second-harmonic generation, Polymer thin films, Absorption, Electroactive polymers, Glasses, Quartz, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 16 December 1993 Paper

Techniques for ultrastructure synthesis: stabilization of large second-order optical nonlinearities of poled polymers

Chengzeng Xu, Mark Becker, Bo Wu, Larry Dalton, Yongqiang Shi, Peter Ranon, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 2025, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.165262

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Chromophores, Electroactive polymers, Polymerization, Second-harmonic generation, Electro optics, Composites, NOx, Harmonic generation

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 1993 Paper

New crosslinkable polymers with second-order nonlinear optical chromophores in the main chain

Chengzeng Xu, Bo Wu, Larry Dalton, Peter Ranon, Yongqiang Shi, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 1852, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148442

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Chromophores, Second-harmonic generation, Polymerization, Absorption, Glasses, Absorbance, Refractive index, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 25 February 1993 Paper

Nonlinear optics and optOcal micropatterning in polymers with disperse red 19 sidegroups

William Steier, Yongqiang Shi, Luping Yu, Mai Chen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 1775, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.139216

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Birefringence, Second-harmonic generation, Dielectrics, Organic materials, Glasses, Polarization, Absorption, Waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 1992 Paper

New routes to large optical nonlinearities (Invited Paper)

Linda Sapochak, Malcolm McLean, Mai Chen, Larry Dalton, Luping Yu

Proceedings Volume 1665, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.60389

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, Bipolarons, Liquid crystals, Information operations, Excitons, Refraction, Picosecond phenomena, Phase conjugation, Absorption, Polarons

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1992 Paper

Multifunctional materials: new mechanisms for NLO effects

Linda Sapochak, Malcolm McLean, Mai Chen, Larry Dalton, Luping Yu

Proceedings Volume 1626, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58117

KEYWORDS: Nonlinear optics, Polymers, Chromophores, Multifunctional materials, Optical lithography, Magnetism, Harmonic generation, Ultraviolet radiation, Transition metals, Chemistry

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1991 Paper

Photo-induced refractive-index changes and birefringence in optically nonlinear polyester

Yongqiang Shi, William Steier, Luping Yu, Mai Chen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 1559, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50662

KEYWORDS: Birefringence, Polymers, Refractive index, Polarization, Nonlinear optics, Thin films, Polymer thin films, Photopolymers, Absorption, Chemistry

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 1991 Paper

Synthesis and incorporation of ladder polymer subunits in copolyamides, pendant polymers, and composites for enhanced nonlinear optical response

Charles Spangler, Michelle Saindon, Eric Nickel, Linda Sapochak, David Polis, Larry Dalton, Robert Norwood

Proceedings Volume 1497, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46799

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1991 Paper

New polymers with large and stable second-order nonlinear optical effects

Mai Chen, Luping Yu, Larry Dalton, Yongqiang Shi, William Steier

Proceedings Volume 1409, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.43578

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Refractive index, Chromophores, Absorption, Bioalcohols, Ultraviolet radiation, Glasses, Waveguides, FT-IR spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1990 Paper

Bipolaronic-enhanced third-order nonlinearity in organic ladder polymers

Xiao Cao, Jien-Ping Jiang, Robert Hellwarth, Luping Yu, Mai Chen, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 1337, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22938

KEYWORDS: Phase conjugation, Absorption, Interferometers, Nonlinear optics, Bipolarons, Phase shifts, Polymers, Doping, Complex systems, Four wave mixing

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 1990 Paper

New copolymers for nonlinear optics applications that incorporate delocalized pi-electron subunits with well-defined conjugation lengths

Charles Spangler, Thomas Hall, Kathleen Havelka, David Polis, Linda Sapochak, Larry Dalton

Proceedings Volume 1337, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22939

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Nonlinear optics, Organic materials, Absorption, Crystals, Optical design, Infrared spectroscopy, Signal detection, Glasses, Liquids

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