Dr. David M. Harrington Profile

Dr. David M. Harrington

at National Solar Observatory

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (24)

SPIE Journal Paper | 2 August 2023 Open Access

Large aperture optically contacted MgF2 retarders for calibration and modulation at DKIST

David M. Harrington

JATIS, Vol. 9, Issue 03, 038003, (August 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.9.3.038003

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Wave plates, Calibration, Depolarization, Mueller matrices, Crystal optics, Polarization, Design and modelling, Optical surfaces, Metrology

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Understanding polarization accuracy: the effect of mirror coating non-uniformity on instrument polarization

Amanda J. White, David M. Harrington

Proceedings Volume 12188, 121881R (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630684

KEYWORDS: Metrology, Modeling and simulation, Coating, Mirrors, Polarization, Dielectric polarization, Telescopes, Polarimetry

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

The National Science Foundation’s Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope: status and first results

Thomas Rimmele, Mark Warner, Roberto Casini, Jeffery Kuhn, Haosheng Lin, Friedrich Wöger, Alexandra Tritschler, Alisdair Davey, Alfred de Wijn, Andre Fehlmann, David Harrington, Sarah Jaeggli, Thomas Schad, Tetsu Anan, Christian Beck, Heather Marshall, Paul Jeffers, Andrew Beard, David Berst, Eric Cross, Bryan Cummings, Colleen Donneley, Arthur Eigenbrot, Andrew Ferayorni, Christopher Foster, Chriselle Ann Galapon, Bret Goodrich, Brian Gregory, Stephanie Guzman, Stephen Guzzo, John Hubbard, Erik Johansson, Luke Johnson, Mary Liang, Brialyn Onodera, Myles Puentes, Lukas Rimmele, Erik Starman, Stacey Sueoka, Richard Summers, Aimee Szabo, Louis Szabo, Timothy Williams, Charles White

Proceedings Volume 12182, 121820Z (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644469

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Solar telescopes, Telescopes, Mirrors, Visible radiation, Solar processes, Magnetism, Sun, Polarization, Polarimetry

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Poster

Modeling the polarization behavior of multi-layered mirror coatings for system-level polarization predictions of DKIST

Amanda J. White, David M. Harrington

Proceedings Volume 12188, 121884U (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630710

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Mirrors, Optical coatings, Software development, Polarimetry, Data modeling, Calculus, Telescopes, Solar telescopes, Refractive index

SPIE Journal Paper | 28 December 2021 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for DKIST, part 9: flux distribution with FIDO

David Harrington, Friedrich Wöger, Amanda White, Stacey Sueoka

JATIS, Vol. 7, Issue 04, 048005, (December 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.7.4.048005

KEYWORDS: Coating, Polarization, Mirrors, Reflection, Reflectivity, Cameras, Metrology, Calibration, Aluminum, Ellipsometry

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 August 2021 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for DKIST, part 8: calibration polarizer spatial variation impacts

David Harrington, Tom Schad, Stacey Sueoka, Amanda White

JATIS, Vol. 7, Issue 03, 038002, (August 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.7.3.038002

KEYWORDS: Polarizers, Calibration, Polarization, Modulation, Wave plates, Sapphire, Optical calibration, Telescopes, Metrology, Adaptive optics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 30 March 2021 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, part 7: preliminary NCSP system calibration and model fitting

David Harrington, Stacey Sueoka, Amanda White, Arthur Eigenbrot, Tom Schad

JATIS, Vol. 7, Issue 01, 018004, (March 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.7.1.018004

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Polarizers, Polarization, Modulation, Wave plates, Calibration, Metrology, Systems modeling, Coating, Solar telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Commissioning of the Gregorian Optical System calibration unit for DKIST

Andrew Ferayorni, Scott Gregory, Lukas Rimmele, Stacey Sueoka, David Harrington

Proceedings Volume 11450, 114502R (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563227

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Telescopes, Infrared sensors, Computer aided design, Solid modeling, Wave plates, Optical calibration, Thermography, Quartz, Polarizers

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 July 2020 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, part 6: fringe mitigation with polycarbonate modulators and optical contact calibration retarders

David Harrington, Sarah Jaeggli, Tom Schad, Amanda White, Stacey Sueoka

JATIS, Vol. 6, Issue 03, 038001, (July 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.6.3.038001

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Wave plates, Calibration, Modulators, Polarization, Solar telescopes, Quartz, Coating, Interfaces

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SPIE Journal Paper | 3 June 2019 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope part 5: impacts of enhanced mirror and dichroic coatings on system polarization calibration

David Harrington, Stacey Sueoka, Amanda White

JATIS, Vol. 5, Issue 03, 038001, (June 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.5.3.038001

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Optical coatings, Reflectivity, Silver, Polarization, Systems modeling, Refractive index, Data modeling, Solar telescopes, Calibration

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The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) is designed to deliver accurate spectropolarimetric calibrations across a wide wavelength range and large field of view for solar disk, limb, and coronal observations. DKIST instruments deliver spectral resolving powers of up to 300,000 in multiple cameras of multiple instruments sampling nanometer scale bandpasses. We require detailed knowledge of optical coatings on all optics to ensure that we can predict and calibrate the polarization behavior of the system. Optical coatings can be metals protected by many dielectric layers or several-micron-thick dichroics. Strong spectral gradients up to 60 deg retardance per nanometer wavelength and several percent diattenuation per nanometer wavelength are observed in such coatings. Often, optical coatings are not specified with spectral gradient targets for polarimetry in combination with both average- and spectral threshold-type specifications. DKIST has a suite of interchangeable dichroic beam splitters using up to 96 layers. We apply the Berreman formalism in open-source Python scripts to derive coating polarization behavior. We present high spectral resolution examples on dichroics where transmission can drop 10% with associated polarization changes over a 1-nm spectral bandpass in both mirrors and dichroics. We worked with a vendor to design dichroic coatings with relatively benign polarization properties that pass spectral gradient requirements and polarization requirements in addition to reflectivity. We now have the ability to fit multilayer coating designs which allow us to predict system-level polarization properties of mirrors, antireflection coatings, and dichroics at arbitrary incidence angles, high spectral resolving power, and on curved surfaces through optical modeling software packages. Performance predictions for polarization at large astronomical telescopes require significant metrology efforts on individual optical components combined with system-level modeling efforts. We show our custom-built laboratory spectropolarimeter and metrology efforts on protected metal mirrors, antireflection coatings, and dichroic mirror samples.

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SPIE Journal Paper | 11 December 2018 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope part 4: calibration accuracy over field of view, retardance spatial uniformity, and achromat design sensitivity

David Harrington, Stacey Sueoka

JATIS, Vol. 4, Issue 04, 044006, (December 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.4.4.044006

KEYWORDS: Wave plates, Calibration, Crystals, Polishing, Synthetic aperture radar, Polarization, Modulation, Modulators, Systems modeling, Metrology

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Construction update of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope project

Mark Warner, Thomas Rimmele, Valentin Pillet, Roberto Casini, Steve Berukoff, Simon Craig, Andrew Ferayorni, Bret Goodrich, Robert Hubbard, David Harrington, Paul Jeffers, Erik Johansson, Ruth Kneale, Jeff Kuhn, Chen Liang, Haosheng Lin, Heather Marshall, Mihalis Mathioudakis, William McBride, Joseph McMullin, William McVeigh, Predrag Sekulic, Wolfgang Schmidt, Steve Shimko, Stacey Sueoka, Rich Summers, Alexandra Tritschler, Timothy Williams, Friedrich Wöger

Proceedings Volume 10700, 107000V (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314212

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Optical fabrication, Cameras, Mirrors, Control systems, Solar processes, Observatories, Polarimetry, Imaging systems, Polarization

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Construction of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) is well underway on the Haleakalā summit on the Hawaiian island of Maui. Featuring a 4-m aperture and an off-axis Gregorian configuration, the DKIST will be the world’s largest solar telescope. It is designed to make high-precision measurements of fundamental astrophysical processes and produce large amounts of spectropolarimetric and imaging data. These data will support research on solar magnetism and its influence on solar wind, flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar irradiance variability. Because of its large aperture, the DKIST will be able to sense the corona’s magnetic field—a goal that has previously eluded scientists—enabling observations that will provide answers about the heating of stellar coronae and the origins of space weather and exo-weather. The telescope will cover a broad wavelength range (0.35 to 28 microns) and operate as a coronagraph at infrared (IR) wavelengths. Achieving the diffraction limit of the 4-m aperture, even at visible wavelengths, is paramount to these science goals. The DKIST’s state-of-the-art adaptive optics systems will provide diffraction-limited imaging, resolving features that are approximately 20 km in size on the Sun.

At the start of operations, five instruments will be deployed: a visible broadband imager (VTF), a visible spectropolarimeter (ViSP), a visible tunable filter (VTF), a diffraction-limited near-IR spectropolarimeter (DLNIRSP), and a cryogenic near-IR spectropolarimeter (cryo-NIRSP). At the end of 2017, the project finished its fifth year of construction and eighth year overall. Major milestones included delivery of the commissioning blank, the completed primary mirror (M1), and its cell. Commissioning and testing of the coudé rotator is complete and the installation of the coudé cleanroom is underway; likewise, commissioning of the telescope mount assembly (TMA) has also begun. Various other systems and equipment are also being installed and tested. Finally, the observatory integration, testing, and commissioning (IT&C) activities have begun, including the first coating of the M1 commissioning blank and its integration within its cell assembly. Science mirror coating and initial on-sky activities are both anticipated in 2018.

SPIE Journal Paper | 30 March 2018 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for DKIST part 3: focal ratio and thermal dependencies of spectral polarization fringes and optic retardance

David Harrington, Stacey Sueoka

JATIS, Vol. 4, Issue 01, 018006, (March 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.4.1.018006

KEYWORDS: Wave plates, Crystals, Quartz, Calibration, Thermal modeling, Polarization, Polarizers, Refractive index, Absorption, Collimation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 October 2017 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for DKIST part 2: application of the Berreman calculus to spectral polarization fringes of beamsplitters and crystal retarders

David M. Harrington, Frans Snik, Christoph U. Keller, Stacey R. Sueoka, Gerard van Harten

JATIS, Vol. 3, Issue 04, 048001, (October 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.3.4.048001

KEYWORDS: Wave plates, Crystals, Coating, Polarization, Quartz, Antireflective coatings, Interfaces, Calibration, Calculus, Reflection

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2017 Presentation

Visible, near infrared spectropolarimeter for characterization of the DKIST optical system and polarization properties (Conference Presentation)

Stacey Sueoka, David Harrington

Proceedings Volume 10407, 104070W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274328

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Optical components, Visible radiation, Near infrared, Telescopes, Reflectivity, Solar telescopes, Wave plates, Polarizers, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Polarization modeling and predictions for DKIST part 2: application of the Berreman calculus to spectral polarization fringes of beamsplitters and crystal retarders

David Harrington, Frans Snik, Christoph Keller, Stacey Sueoka, Gerard van Harten

Proceedings Volume 10407, 104070A (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274046

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Wave plates, Systems modeling, Polarimetry, Calculus, Solar telescopes, Calibration, Optical coatings, Remote sensing, Polarization analysis

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SPIE Journal Paper | 7 February 2017 Open Access

Polarization modeling and predictions for Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope part 1: telescope and example instrument configurations

David Harrington, Stacey Sueoka

JATIS, Vol. 3, Issue 01, 018002, (February 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.3.1.018002

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Coating, Polarization, Telescopes, Zemax, Instrument modeling, Solar telescopes, Reflectivity, Aluminum, Silver

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SPIE Journal Paper | 24 January 2017 Open Access

Daytime sky polarization calibration limitations

David Harrington, Jeffrey Kuhn, Arturo López Ariste

JATIS, Vol. 3, Issue 01, 018001, (January 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.3.1.018001

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Calibration, Telescopes, Sun, Scattering, Modulation, Atmospheric modeling, Mirrors, Chemical elements, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2016 Paper

Construction status of the Daniel K. Inouye solar telescope

Joseph McMullin, Thomas Rimmele, Mark Warner, Valentin Pillet, Roberto Casini, Steve Berukoff, Simon Craig, David Elmore, Andrew Ferayorni, Bret Goodrich, Robert Hubbard, David Harrington, Steve Hegwer, Paul Jeffers, Erik Johansson, Jeff Kuhn, Haosheng Lin, Heather Marshall, Mihalis Mathioudakis, William McBride, William McVeigh, LeEllen Phelps, Wolfgang Schmidt, Steve Shimko, Stacey Sueoka, Alexandra Tritschler, Timothy Williams, Friedrich Wöger

Proceedings Volume 9906, 99061B (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235227

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Observatories, Solar processes, Telescopes, Mirrors, Optical fabrication, Buildings, Space telescopes, Control systems, Deformable mirrors

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We provide an update on the construction status of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. This 4-m diameter facility is designed to enable detection and spatial/temporal resolution of the predicted, fundamental astrophysical processes driving solar magnetism at their intrinsic scales throughout the solar atmosphere. These data will drive key research on solar magnetism and its influence on solar winds, flares, coronal mass ejections and solar irradiance variability. The facility is developed to support a broad wavelength range (0.35 to 28 microns) and will employ state-of-the-art adaptive optics systems to provide diffraction limited imaging, resolving features approximately 20 km on the Sun. At the start of operations, there will be five instruments initially deployed: Visible Broadband Imager (VBI; National Solar Observatory), Visible SpectroPolarimeter (ViSP; NCAR High Altitude Observatory), Visible Tunable Filter (VTF (a Fabry-Perot tunable spectropolarimeter); Kiepenheuer Institute for Solarphysics), Diffraction Limited NIR Spectropolarimeter (DL-NIRSP; University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy) and the Cryogenic NIR Spectropolarimeter (Cryo-NIRSP; University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy).

As of mid-2016, the project construction is in its 4th year of site construction and 7th year overall. Major milestones in the off-site development include the conclusion of the polishing of the M1 mirror by University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, the delivery of the Top End Optical Assembly (L3), the acceptance of the Deformable Mirror System (Xinetics); all optical systems have been contracted and are either accepted or in fabrication. The Enclosure and Telescope Mount Assembly passed through their factory acceptance in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The enclosure site construction is currently concluding while the Telescope Mount Assembly site erection is underway. The facility buildings (Utility and Support and Operations) have been completed with ongoing work on the thermal systems to support the challenging imaging requirements needed for the solar research.

Finally, we present the construction phase performance (schedule, budget) with projections for the start of early operations.

Proceedings Article | 22 July 2016 Paper

Progress in modeling polarization optical components for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope

Stacey Ritsuyo Sueoka, David Harrington

Proceedings Volume 9912, 99126T (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233164

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Calibration, Wave plates, Polarization, Absorption, Coating, Polarizers, Crystals, Finite element methods, Electroluminescent displays, Birefringence

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2016 Paper

Polarization modeling and predictions for DKIST part 1: telescope and example instrument configurations

David Harrington, Stacey Sueoka

Proceedings Volume 9912, 99126U (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233176

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Telescopes, Mirrors, Coating, Zemax, Electroluminescent displays, Collimation, Aluminum, Silver, Zinc

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2016 Paper

Daytime sky polarization calibration limitations

David Harrington, Jeffrey Kuhn, Arturo López Ariste

Proceedings Volume 9912, 99126S (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233098

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Calibration, Telescopes, Scattering, Sun, Modulation, Rayleigh scattering, Space telescopes, Chemical elements, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2014 Paper

InnoPOL: an EMCCD imaging polarimeter and 85-element curvature AO system on the 3.6-m AEOS telescope for cost effective polarimetric speckle suppression

David Harrington, Svetlana Berdyugina, Mark Chun, Christ Ftaclas, Daniel Gisler, Jeff Kuhn

Proceedings Volume 9147, 91477C (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056667

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Adaptive optics, Polarization, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Modulation, Telescopes, Speckle, Calibration, Liquid crystals, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2014 Paper

An overview of polarimetric sensing techniques and technology with applications to different research fields

Frans Snik, Julia Craven-Jones, Michael Escuti, Silvano Fineschi, David Harrington, Antonello De Martino, Dimitri Mawet, Jérôme Riedi, J. Scott Tyo

Proceedings Volume 9099, 90990B (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053245

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Polarization, Modulation, Calibration, Astronomy, Wave plates, Signal detection, Polarizers, Sensors, Remote sensing

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Showing 5 of 24 publications

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