We will present how to fabricate nanoantennas and metasurfaces in van der Waarls (vdW) materials in a variety of geometries and a range of photonic applications. We observed Mie resonances as well as strong coupling between the excitonic features and anapole modes in the vdW nanoantenna. Due to the weak vdW interactions of the nanoresonators and the substrate, we were able to use an atomic force microscopy cantilever in the repositioning of double-pillar nanoantennas to achieve ultra-small gaps of 10 nm. By employing a monolayer of WS2 as the gain material, we observe room temperature Purcell enhancement of emission as well as low temperature formation of single photon emitters with enhanced quantum efficiencies. More recently, we have also achieved bound states in the continuum ultra-low threshold lasing with these materials, highlighting the vdW materials as a promising platform for optoelectronic devices.
While high index dielectrics and plasmonics offer many opportunities for research and techonology in the field of nanophotonics, 2D materials can expand this potential in the visible and near-infrared due to high refractive indices, a large range of transparency windows, and new fabrication possibilities due to van der Waals adhesion to any substrate. We extract dielectric constants of 11 layered materials including TMDs, III-VI semiconductors, and magnetics. We fabricate nanoantennas and observe Mie resonances as well as strong coupling of TMD excitons and anapole modes with Rabi splittings of 140 meV. We also observe room temperature Purcell enhancement of WSe2 monolayer emission and low temperature formation of single photon emitters with enhanced quantum efficiencies. Due to weak adhesion to the substrate, we employed an AFM tip in the repositioning of dimer nanoantennas to form ultra-small hotspots enabling optical trapping of quantum emitters with Purcell factors above 150.
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