Primates, the closest living biological relatives with human, play the important roles in the livelihoods, human-health, and ecosystem services. In the Anthropocene, populations of 75% of primate species are decreasing globally – due to cultivation activities, logging harvesting, hunting, and climate change. In this study, we focus on Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) as the global conservation icons. Hence, understanding Bornean orangutan’s distribution dynamics is crucial regarding to conservation and climate mitigation strategies. The objectives of this study are: (1) to predict current and future spatial distribution of orangutan in Borneo using pessimistic climate model and land cover projection as well; (2) to identify spatial dynamics of Bornean orangutan distribution due to climate and land cover change in 2030. Species distribution modelling of baseline and future scenario was performed using logistic regression model. Land cover categories and climate parameters (i.e. annual temperature and precipitation) were used for model predictors. Presence points of observed primate species were retrieved from Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia (MoEF). We used WorldClim v2.0 annual temperature and precipitation data for the baseline and CMIP5 MIROC-ESM model RCP8.5 2030 for the future climate scenario. We performed cellular automata algorithm to retrieve 2030 projected land-use for the future. Distance to road and distance to selected important land covers were used for transition potential modelling of land cover projection. Generally, the prediction shows that suitable habitat of Bornean orangutan will decrease in 2030. However, we found the gain of suitable area of Bornean orangutan. Findings of this study should support the identification of priority conservation area of Bornean orangutan for the future and wildlife corridor management planning.
Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the surface temperature of the earth to warm up and has a major impact on climate change globally. Plants in the forest as the biggest absorber of carbon dioxide used in the process of photosynthesis, then the results are stored in the form of biomass in plant organ tissues. The purpose of the study was to estimate biomass and carbon storage in the Mount Tampomas Protected Forest Area in Sumedang, West Java. Mount Tampomas protected forest area is divided into areas dominated by pine plant species (Pinus merkusii) and mixed jungles. In the two regions the NDVI class was classified into 5 classes as the basis for calculating the stand density, biomass and carbon storage. The relationship between NDVI classes and stand densities can be demonstrated by linear and quadratic regression models. The quadratic regression model has r of 0.79 while the linear regression model of 0.78. Quadratic regression model is the best model to connect the NDVI class and stand density, where the NDVI class and stand density are very strongly related. The total biomass and carbon deposits sequentially in protected forest areas dominated by pine are 132,613.79 tons and 62,328.48 tons C, while the total biomass and carbon deposits sequentially in mixed forest protected areas are 64,682.95 tons and 30,400.99 tons C, so that the total biomass and carbon storage sequentially in the Mount Tampomas Protected Forest Area are 197,296.74 tons and 92,729.47 tons C.
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