This paper presents a high-directionality optical grating antenna for chip-level LiDAR applications. The antenna, designed on a silicon-nitride-nitride platform, consists of two vertically stacked grating layers with a nitride waveguide layer in between. By optimizing the grating periods, duty cycles, and the relative offset between the grating layers using a particle swarm optimization algorithm, a directionality of 87.8% (0.56 dB) at 1550 nm wavelength and a minimum coupling loss of 1.7 dB were achieved. The performance of the antenna was demonstrated in a chip-to-chip transceiver configuration using a coherent detection system. With a transmitter output power of 10 dBm, the system achieved a signal-to-noise ratio of 17.7 dB and 13.2 dB at screen distances of 20 m and 40 m, respectively. These results highlight the potential of the proposed antenna for long-range, chip-level LiDAR applications.
Optical phased array (OPA) has been widely employed across various applications, including light detection and ranging. Nevertheless, OPA faces significant limitations, such as excessive power consumption, complex control systems, and challenging packaging formats, which hinder its further development. Focal plane arrays (FPAs) have garnered increasing attention due to their absence of these drawbacks. However, FPAs currently face a dilemma as their ranging performance fails to meet application requirements. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel structure featuring small-scale receiving array and high directional antenna design. Utilizing this chip, we showcase a scanning range of 5.98° and a coherent detection capability of 6 meters.
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