Dr. Sergio R. Restaino Profile

Dr. Sergio R. Restaino

Branch Head at US Naval Research Lab

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Area of Expertise:

Adaptive Optics , High Angular Imaging , Wavefront Sensing , Long Baseline Optical Interferometry

Publications (156)

Proceedings Article | 30 September 2024 Presentation + Paper

Navy prototype hypertelescope developments at the NPOI

Merrick DeWitt, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, James Clark, Bradley Kingsley

Proceedings Volume 13135, 131350B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3028114

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Imaging systems, Prototyping, Mirrors, Design, Image quality, Image processing, Receivers, Navy, Active optics

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Underwater imaging with adaptive optic

Stefano Bonora, Tommaso Furieri, Sergio Restaino, Freddie Santiago, Noor Qadri

Proceedings Volume PC12899, PC1289904 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002526

KEYWORDS: Aberration correction, Wavefronts, Deformation, Adaptive optics, Water, Lenses, Wavefront sensors, Wavefront aberrations, Optical surfaces, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: large-aperture observations and infrastructure improvements

Gerard van Belle, James Clark, Henrique Schmitt, David Noble, Anders Jorgensen, David Mozurkewich, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Merrick DeWitt, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Jordan Stone, Thomas Coleman, Ben Hardesty, Wyatt Clark, Khristian Jones, Bradley Kingsley, Erin Maier, Solvay Blomquist, Nicholas Green, Peter Kurtz

Proceedings Volume 12183, 1218304 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630572

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometers, Observatories, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Precision optics, Interferometry, Control systems, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation + Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: two years of development towards large-aperture observations

Gerard van Belle, James Clark, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Henrique Schmitt, Anders Jorgensen, David Mozurkewich, Teznie Pugh, Wyatt Clark, Nicholas Green, Khristian Jones, Bradley Kingsley, Peter Kurtz, Adam Schilperoort

Proceedings Volume 11446, 1144608 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562806

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Cameras, Image processing, Interferometry, Image restoration, Adaptive optics

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation + Paper

An approach to upgrading the beam transport system at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

James Clark, F. Ernesto Penado, Sergio Restaino, Henrique Schmitt

Proceedings Volume 11488, 1148804 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2567933

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Interferometers, Relays, Precision optics, Imaging systems, Light emitting diodes

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2020 Presentation

Boundary layer transition near actuated deformable membranes (Conference Presentation)

Silvia Matt, Freddie Santiago, Kaushik Sampath, Weilin Hou, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 11420, 1142008 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559876

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Skin, Modulation, Oceanography, Ocean optics, Visualization, Particle image velocimetry, Energy efficiency, Acoustics, Denoising

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2019 Presentation + Paper

The GLO (GFCR Limb Occultation) sensor: a new sensor concept for upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) composition and transport studies

Daniel Korwan, Richard Bevilacqua, Sergio Restaino, Justin Bobak, Freddie Santiago, Karl Hoppel, Scott Bailey, Stephen Noel, Justin Carstins, Cora Randall, Larry Gordley, Tom Marshall, Alan Marchant

Proceedings Volume 11131, 111310K (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2530708

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Aerosols, Staring arrays, Sun, Atmospheric modeling, Optical benches, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

An infrared beam combiner for wavelength bootstrapping at the NPOI

J. Thomas Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, Ellyn Baines, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107010B (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312284

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Observatories, Interferometers, Analytical research, Near infrared, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Many interesting things are afoot at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

G. van Belle, J. Armstrong, J. Benson, E. Baines, R. Bevilacqua, T. Buschmann, J. Clark, W. DeGroff, J. Hall, R. Hindsley, A. Jorgensen, A. Lindgren, D. Mozurkewich, M. Muterspaugh, S. Pooler, S. Restaino, H. Schmitt, P. Shankland, R. Zavala

Proceedings Volume 10701, 1070105 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314204

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometers, Mirrors, Electron multiplying charge coupled devices, Observatories, Avalanche photodetectors, Precision optics, Interferometry, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Detecting exoplanets and characterizing their properties with fringe nulling

Henrique Schmitt, Ellyn Baines, J. Thomas Armstrong, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 10701, 107012I (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312088

KEYWORDS: Stars, Exoplanets, Interferometry, Ultraviolet radiation, Interferometers, Calibration, Precision optics, Target detection, Phase interferometry, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2018 Paper

High quality adaptive optics zoom with adaptive lenses

M. Quintavalla, F. Santiago, S. Bonora, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 10502, 105021H (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2290038

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Lenses, Point spread functions, Aluminum, Actuators, Zoom lenses, Polymers, Optical aberrations, Collimation, Monochromatic aberrations

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Horizontal atmospheric turbulence, beam propagation, and modeling

Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Ty Martinez, K. Peter Judd, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 10194, 1019405 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263805

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric propagation, Beam propagation method, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric turbulence, Earth's atmosphere, Atmospheric modeling, Turbulence, Beam controllers, Optical imaging, Imaging systems, Modulation transfer functions, Adaptive optics, Data modeling, Point spread functions

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Detecting faint nearby companions to geostationary satellites with optical interferometry

Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines

Proceedings Volume 10196, 1019602 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262900

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Optical interferometry, Interferometry, Interferometers, Surveillance, Situational awareness sensors, Space operations, Spatial frequencies, Earth observing sensors, Device simulation, Stars, Telescopes, Target detection, Astrophysics, Phase interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 2016 Paper

The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer: an update

J. Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, James Clark, James Benson, Donald Hutter, Robert Zavala, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 990702 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235077

KEYWORDS: Precision optics, Interferometers, Stars, Control systems, Telescopes, Observatories, Mirrors, Electronics, Interferometry, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2016 Paper

Monitoring a decade of seeing at the NPOI site with quad cell measurements

Henrique Schmitt, J. Thomas Armstrong, Sergio Restaino, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 9907, 99071X (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233088

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric corrections, Atmospheric turbulence, Telescopes, Stars, Atmospheric optics, Observatories, Precision optics, Interferometers, Fourier transforms, Optical tracking

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Using optical interferometry for GEO satellites imaging: an update

Sergio Restaino, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, James Clark

Proceedings Volume 9836, 983603 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224750

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Interferometers, Spectrographs, Optical interferometry, Satellite imaging, Space telescopes, Modulation, Stars, Telescopes, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 4 September 2015 Paper

Multiple-baseline detection of a geostationary satellite with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

J. Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Henrique Schmitt, Sergio Restaino, James Clark, James Benson, Donald Hutter, Robert Zavala

Proceedings Volume 9617, 961709 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194156

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Interferometers, Satellite navigation systems, Precision optics, Spectrographs, Stars, Space telescopes, Modulation, Observatories, Sun

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SPIE Press Book | 10 July 2015

Introduction to Liquid Crystals for Optical Design and Engineering

Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, LCDs, Crystals, Spatial light modulators, Adaptive optics, Molecules, Liquids, Polarization, Polarizers, Optical components

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals for Optical Design and Engineering

Proceedings Article | 19 May 2015 Paper

A controlled laboratory environment to study EO signal degradation due to underwater turbulence

Silvia Matt, Weilin Hou, Wesley Goode, Guigen Liu, Ming Han, Andrey Kanaev, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9459, 94590H (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177028

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Optical turbulence, Ocean optics, Numerical simulations, Data modeling, Temperature metrology, Refraction, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2015 Paper

Wavefront sensing and analysis for underwater laser propagation

S. Restaino, W. Hou, A. Kanaev, S. Matt, C. Font

Proceedings Volume 9335, 93350G (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082716

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Laser beam propagation, Wavefronts, Turbulence, Point spread functions, Analytical research, Light wave propagation, Fourier transforms, Deconvolution

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2014 Paper

Correction methods for underwater turbulence degraded imaging

A. Kanaev, W. Hou, S. Restaino, S. Matt, S. Gładysz

Proceedings Volume 9242, 92421P (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066479

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Image restoration, Adaptive optics, Underwater imaging, Image processing, Atmospheric propagation, Reconstruction algorithms, Speckle, Remote sensing, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2014 Paper

Adding baselines at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

Jonathan Andrews, Jim Clark, Sergio Restaino, J. Tom Armstrong, Henrique Schmitt, Ellyn Baines, Donald Hutter, James Benson, Bob Zavala

Proceedings Volume 9204, 92040H (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2062616

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Mirrors, Precision optics, Astronomy, Telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Astronomical telescopes, Optical alignment, Observatories, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

The new classic data acquisition system for NPOI

B. Sun, A. Jorgensen, M. Landavazo, D. Hutter, G. van Belle, David Mozurkewich, J. Armstrong, H. Schmitt, E. Baines, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914620 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057013

KEYWORDS: Data acquisition, Field programmable gate arrays, Photons, Imaging systems, Spectrographs, Computing systems, Observatories, Clocks, Detection and tracking algorithms, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

6-station, 5-baseline fringe tracking with the new classic data acquisition system at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

M. Landavazo, A. Jorgensen, B. Sun, K. Newman, David Mozurkewich, G. van Belle, Donald Hutter, H. Schmitt, J. Armstrong, E. Baines, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 914621 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057278

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Data acquisition, Interferometers, Precision optics, Spectrographs, Detection and tracking algorithms, Optical tracking, Image resolution, Imaging systems, Stars

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The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) has a station layout which makes it uniquely suited for imaging. Stellar surface imaging requires a variety of baseline lengths and in particular long baselines with resolution much smaller than the diameter of the target star. Because the fringe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is generally low on such long baselines, fringe-tracking cannot be carried out on those baselines directly. Instead, baseline bootstrapping must be employed in which the long baseline is composed of a number of connected shorter baselines. When fringes are tracked on all the shorter baselines fringes are also present on the long baseline. For compact sources, such as stellar disks, the shorter baselines generally have higher SNR and making them short enough that the source is unresolved by them is ideal. Thus, the resolution, or number of pixels across a stellar disk, is roughly equal to the ratio of the length of the long baseline to the length of the short baselines. The more bootstrapped baselines, the better the images produced. If there is also a wide wavelength coverage, wavelength bootstrapping can also be used under some circumstances to increase the resolution further. The NPOI is unique in that it allows 6-station, 5-baseline bootstrapping, the most of any currently operating interferometer. Furthermore, the NPOI Classic beam combiner has wavelength coverage from 450 nm to 850 nm. However, until now, this capability has not been fully exploited. The stellar surface imaging project which was recently funded by the National Science Foundation is exploiting this capability. The New Classic data acquisition system, reported separately, is the hardware which delivers the data to the fringe-tracking algorithm. In this paper we report on the development of the fringe-tracking capability with the New Classic data acquisition system. We discuss the design of the fringe tracking algorithm and present performance results from simulations and on sky observation.

Proceedings Article | 24 July 2014 Paper

Progress toward unprecedented imaging of stellar surfaces with the Navy precision optical interferometer

A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich, H. Schmitt, G. van Belle, D. Hutter, J. Clark, J. Armstrong, E. Baines, K. Newman, M. Landavazo, B. Sun, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 9146, 91460A (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055789

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Stars, Telescopes, Interferometers, Data acquisition, Image resolution, Signal to noise ratio, Spectrographs, Precision optics, Imaging arrays

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We present progress on the stellar surface imaging project recently funded by the U. S. National Science Foun- dation. With the unique layout of the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) in combination with data acquisition and fringe-tracking upgrades we expect to be able to substantially exceed the imaging fidelity and resolution of any other interferometer in operation. The project combines several existing advances and infras- tructure at NPOI with modest enhancements. For optimal imaging there are several requirements that should be fulfilled. The observatory should be capable of measuring visibilities on a wide range of baseline lengths and orientations, providing complete Fourier (UV) coverage in a short period of time. It should measure visibility amplitudes with good SNR on all baselines as critical imaging information is often contained in low-amplitude visibilities. It should measure the visibility phase on all baselines. The technologies which can achieve this are the NPOI Y-shaped array with (nearly) equal spacing between telescopes and an ability for rapid configuration. Placing 6-telescopes in a row makes it possible to measure visibilities into the 4th lobe of the visibility function. By arranging the 12 available telescopes carefully we can switch, every few days, between 6 different 6-station chains which provide symmetric coverage in the Fourier plane without moving any telescopes, only by moving beam relay mirrors. The 6-station chains are important to achieve the highest imaging resolution, and switching rapidly between station chains provides uniform coverage. Coherent integration techniques can be used to obtain good SNR on very small visibilities. Coherently integrated visibilities can be used for imaging with standard radio imaging packages such as AIPS. The commissioning of one additional station, the use of new data acqui- sition hardware and fringe tracking algorithms are the enhancements which are making this project a reality. The New Classic data acquisition system, based on a powerful Stratix FPGA and fast Direct Memory Access module, upgrades the existing Classic beam combiner to allow for continuous data recording across all baselines available with 6 telescopes. It also provides the computing power and software environment necessary for im- plementing the 6-station, 5-baseline fringe-tracking algorithms. In separate papers we discuss the New Classic data acquisition system and the fringe-tracking algorithms in greater detail. In this paper we will focus on an overview of the project. We will describe the observation planning, logistics of the observations, and discuss the current status of the project including preliminary results and simulations of expected future results.

Proceedings Article | 4 June 2014 Paper

Adaptive optics correction of a laser beam propagating underwater

S. Restaino, W. Hou, A. Kanaev, S. Matt, C. Font

Proceedings Volume 9083, 90830R (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2060005

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Turbulence, Laser beam propagation, Wavefront sensors, Point spread functions, Light wave propagation, Optical calibration, Analytical research, Wavefronts, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2014 Paper

First light with a carbon fiber reinforced polymer 0.4 meter telescope

Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Matthew Jungwirth, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Brett Bagwell, Robert Romeo

Proceedings Volume 8978, 897805 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042105

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Prototyping, Optics manufacturing, Interferometers, Carbon, Fiber reinforced polymers, Imaging systems, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2013 Paper

Determining seeing conditions of a horizontal turbulent optical path with video image analysis

Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Sergio Restaino, Kyle Judd, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews

Proceedings Volume 8610, 86100W (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006479

KEYWORDS: Video, Atmospheric turbulence, Data modeling, Modulation transfer functions, Earth's atmosphere, Imaging systems, Adaptive optics, Point spread functions, Fourier transforms, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Interferometric imaging of geostationary satellites: signal-to-noise considerations

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, D. Mozurkewich, J. Armstrong, S. Restaino, R. Hindsley

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452M (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925953

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Interferometers, Telescopes, Satellite imaging, Signal to noise ratio, Interferometry, Astronomy, Image resolution, Astronomical telescopes, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Simulated imaging with an interferometer on a boom

Henrique Schmitt, David Mozurkewich, J. Thomas Armstrong, Anders Jorgensen, Ellyn Baines, Sergio Restaino, Robert Hindsley, Gerard van Belle

Proceedings Volume 8445, 84452P (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926707

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Asteroids, Interferometers, Interferometry, Stars, Optical fibers, Device simulation, Satellite imaging, Satellites, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2012 Paper

Coherent integration in optical interferometry

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, G. van Belle, D. Mozurkewich, D. Hutter, J. T. Armstrong, E. Baines, S. Restaino, T. Hall

Proceedings Volume 8445, 844519 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925898

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Visibility, Photons, Coherence imaging, Optical interferometry, Phase measurement, Calibration, Interferometers, Telescopes, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2012 Paper

Interferometric imaging of geostationary satellites

J. T. Armstrong, E. Baines, R. Hindsley, H. Schmitt, S. Restaino, A. Jorgensen, D. Mozurkewich

Proceedings Volume 8385, 83850D (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919381

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Interferometry, Satellites, Interferometers, Satellite imaging, Visibility, Spatial frequencies, Space telescopes, Optical interferometry, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2012 Open Access

MEMS- and LC-adaptive optics at the Naval Research Laboratory

S. Restaino, C. Wilcox, T. Martinez, J. Andrews, F. Santiago, D. Payne

Proceedings Volume 8373, 83730R (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918586

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Microelectromechanical systems, Spatial light modulators, Liquid crystals, Analytical research, LCDs, Telescopes, Modulation transfer functions, Atmospheric turbulence, Point spread functions

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2011

Performance of a flexible optical aberration generator

Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare

OE, Vol. 50, Issue 11, 116601, (November 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3656252

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, Atmospheric turbulence, Point spread functions, Spatial light modulators, Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Zernike polynomials, Turbulence, Atmospheric optics, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2011 Paper

Comparison of Michelson interferometer, intensity interferometer, and filled aperture telescope SNR for GEO satellites detection

S. Restaino, J. Andrews

Proceedings Volume 8165, 81650R (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896622

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Interferometers, Satellites, Interferometry, Telescopes, Michelson interferometers, Sensors, Device simulation, Visualization, Adaptive optics

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

Simulated optical interferometric observations of geostationary satellites

Henrique Schmitt, David Mozurkewich, Sergio Restaino, J. Thomas Armstrong, Ellyn Baines, Robert Hindsley, Anders Jorgensen

Proceedings Volume 8165, 81650T (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893863

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Satellites, Space telescopes, Satellite imaging, Earth observing sensors, Interferometry, Interferometers, Optical simulations, Image resolution, Optical arrays

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

An imaging interferometer for compact sources

D. Mozurkewich, J. T. Armstrong, R. Hindsley, A Jorgensen, S. Restaino, H. Schmitt

Proceedings Volume 8165, 81650X (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893476

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Satellites, Telescopes, Optical fibers, Wavefront sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Space telescopes, Sensors, Interferometry, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

Comparing the sensitivities of intensity interferometry and Michelson interferometry

J. T. Armstrong, D. Mozurkewich, H. Schmitt, S. Restaino, R. Hindsley

Proceedings Volume 8165, 81650Z (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.894039

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Interferometers, Photons, Sensors, Visibility, Artificial intelligence, Precision optics, Michelson interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2011 Paper

Experimental generation of non-Kolmogorov turbulence using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Italo Toselli, Brij Agrawal, Christopher Wilcox, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 8161, 81610H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903681

KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Atmospheric turbulence, Spatial light modulators, Liquid crystals, Laser beam propagation, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric propagation, Beam splitters, Free space optical communications, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2011 Paper

Actuation for deformable thin-shelled composite mirrors

Christopher Wilcox, David Wick, Grant Soehnel, Brett Bagwell, Robert Romeo, Robert Martin, Michael Baker, Nicole Breivik, Brad Boyce, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 8031, 80310N (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.885542

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Deformable mirrors, Zoom lenses, Prototyping, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Composites, Interferometers, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2011 Paper

MEMs adaptive optics at the Naval Research Laboratory

Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Ty Martinez, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 8031, 80310M (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884885

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Spatial light modulators, Space telescopes, Atmospheric turbulence, Liquid crystals, Wavefronts, Monochromatic aberrations, Microelectromechanical systems, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2011 Paper

Study on the implementation of spatial light modulator liquid crystal device atmospheric simulator for short wavelength infrared applications

Freddie Santiago, Carlos Font, Christopher Wilcox, Ty Martinez, Stephen Myers, Joseph Duperre, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Charmaine Gilbreath, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 7923, 79230R (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875469

KEYWORDS: Spatial light modulators, Point spread functions, Atmospheric turbulence, Turbulence, LCDs, Control systems, Short wave infrared radiation, Optical simulations, Algorithm development, Computer simulations

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2011 Paper

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics testbed using two MEMS deformable mirrors

Jonathan Andrews, Ty Martinez, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 7931, 79310C (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884788

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Spatial light modulators, Deformable mirrors, Microelectromechanical systems, Wavefront sensors, Liquid crystals, Atmospheric optics, Point spread functions, Wavefronts, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2011 Paper

MEMs adaptive optics for horizontal turbulence correction

Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Ty Martinez, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne, Scott Teare

Proceedings Volume 7931, 793105 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875100

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Microelectromechanical systems, Deformable mirrors, Atmospheric propagation, Turbulence, Algorithm development, Telescopes, Astronomy, Mirrors, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 2 September 2010 Paper

The Naval Research Laboratory MEM adaptive optics program

Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 7803, 78030F (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862449

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Microelectromechanical systems, Monochromatic aberrations, Spatial light modulators, Space telescopes, Optics manufacturing, Atmospheric turbulence, Atmospheric optics, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 28 August 2010 Paper

Observations of a geosynchronous satellite with optical interferometry

J. Armstrong, R. Hindsley, S. Restaino, R. Zavala, J. Benson, F. Vrba, D. Hutter, S. Gregory, H. Schmitt, J. Andrews, C. Wilcox

Proceedings Volume 7818, 78180L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861439

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Stars, Interferometers, Interferometry, Satellite imaging, Optical interferometry, Telescopes, Data modeling, Observatories, Satellite navigation systems

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Proceedings Article | 24 August 2010 Paper

Gaussian beam propagation in maritime atmospheric turbulence: long term beam spread and beam wander analysis

Italo Toselli, Brij Agrawal, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 7814, 78140R (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.864274

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric propagation, Atmospheric turbulence, Turbulence, Laser beam propagation, Gaussian beams, Wave propagation, Refractive index, Beam analyzers, Beam propagation method, Pollution control

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Proceedings Article | 12 August 2010 Paper

A method of generating atmospheric turbulence with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Melissa Corley, Scott Teare, Brij Agrawal

Proceedings Volume 7816, 78160E (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861510

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric turbulence, Point spread functions, Spatial light modulators, Liquid crystals, Wavefronts, Turbulence, Zernike polynomials, Adaptive optics, Statistical modeling, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2010 Paper

Coherent integration results from the NPOI

A. Jorgensen, H. Schmitt, J. Armstrong, D. Mozurkewich, E. Baines, R. Hindsley, D. Hutter, S. Restaino

Proceedings Volume 7734, 77342Q (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858298

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Signal to noise ratio, Stars, Solids, Phase measurement, Spectrographs, Calibration, Spectral resolution, Data modeling, Precision measurement

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2010 Paper

Analysis of the Naval Research Laboratory MEM MCAO test bed

Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Ty Martinez, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne, Scott Teare

Proceedings Volume 7595, 759509 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.845692

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Analytical research, Microelectromechanical systems, Mirrors, Error analysis, Liquid crystals, Wavefronts, Solids, Atmospheric propagation, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2010 Paper

Using two MEMS deformable mirrors in an adaptive optics test bed for multiconjugate correction

Jonathan Andrews, Ty Martinez, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 7595, 75950A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.845919

KEYWORDS: Spatial light modulators, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Microelectromechanical systems, Atmospheric optics, Liquid crystals, Point spread functions, Wavefronts, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 2009 Paper

Observations of a geosynchronous satellite with optical interferometry

J. T. Armstrong, R. Hindsley, S. Restaino, J. Benson, D. Hutter, F. Vrba, R. Zavala, S. Gregory, H. Schmitt

Proceedings Volume 7468, 74680K (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.825301

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Telescopes, Interferometers, Interferometry, Optical interferometry, Earth observing sensors, Visibility, Observatories, Visualization, Satellite imaging

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2009 Paper

Characterization and training of a piezoelectric deformable mirror for operation at 1550 nm

Carlos Font, G. Charmaine Gilbreath, Blerta Bajramaj, David Kim, Freddie Santiago, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 7324, 73240T (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.822522

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Adaptive optics, Short wave infrared radiation, Interferometers, Matrices, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2009 Paper

The Naval Research Laboratory MEM adaptive optics program

Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 7209, 72090F (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812117

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Monochromatic aberrations, Spatial light modulators, Space telescopes, Microelectromechanical systems, Atmospheric turbulence, Liquid crystals, Wavefronts, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 3 September 2008 Paper

Precision radiometry using a tunable InAs/InGaAs quantum dot in a well infrared focal plane array

Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare, Sanjay Krishna, Luke Lester, Christopher Wilcox, Ty Martinez, Freddie Santiago

Proceedings Volume 7082, 70820T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.795599

KEYWORDS: Infrared imaging, Staring arrays, Quantum dots, Infrared radiation, Readout integrated circuits, Radiometry, Sensors, Thermography, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2008 Paper

Atmospheric simulator for testing adaptive optics systems

Christopher Wilcox, Ty Martinez, Freddie Santiago, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 7093, 709305 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.795584

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Atmospheric turbulence, Monochromatic aberrations, Atmospheric optics, Wavefronts, Spatial light modulators, Control systems, Optical testing, Liquid crystals, Atmospheric modeling

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

NPOI: recent progress and future prospects

Donald Hutter, James Benson, Tim Buschmann, Michael DiVittorio, Robert Zavala, Kenneth Johnston, J. Thomas Armstrong, Robert Hindsley, Henrique Schmitt, James Clark, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Tycner, Anders Jorgensen, Sam Davis

Proceedings Volume 7013, 701306 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.787486

KEYWORDS: Stars, Interferometry, Control systems, Visibility, Telescopes, Observatories, Mirrors, Interferometers, Calibration, Coating

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 2008 Paper

Meter class carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) telescope program at the Naval Research Laboratory

Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, S. Teare, Robert Romeo, Robert Martin, D. Wick

Proceedings Volume 7018, 70183C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789549

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Carbon, Analytical research, Mirrors, Prototyping, Fiber reinforced polymers, Interferometers, Optical instrument design, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 23 July 2008 Paper

Prototype 0.4 meter carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) telescope: specifications and initial testing

Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, S. Teare, Robert Romeo, Robert Martin, D. Wick

Proceedings Volume 7018, 70184D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789517

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Prototyping, Composites, Mirrors, Carbon, Fiber reinforced polymers, Optics manufacturing, Interferometers, Optical fabrication, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2008 Paper

Atmospheric simulator for testing adaptive optic systems

Christopher Wilcox, Ty Martinez, Freddie Santiago, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 7015, 701542 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789464

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Atmospheric turbulence, Atmospheric optics, Monochromatic aberrations, Spatial light modulators, Wavefronts, Optical testing, Liquid crystals, Control systems, Atmospheric modeling

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2008 Paper

Performance of a MEMS reflective wavefront sensor

Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Christopher Wilcox, David Wick, William Cowan, Olga Spahn, Brett Bagwell

Proceedings Volume 6888, 68880C (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763866

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Actuators, Microelectromechanical systems, Reflectivity, Image segmentation, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Cameras, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2008 Paper

The Naval Research Laboratory MEM adaptive optics program

Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6888, 688806 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763895

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2007 Paper

Atmospheric turbulence generator for adaptive optical systems testing

Christopher Wilcox, Ty Martinez, Freddie Santiago, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6711, 67110D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.740323

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric turbulence, Monochromatic aberrations, Wavefronts, Spatial light modulators, Adaptive optics, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric physics, Control systems, Point spread functions, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2007 Paper

Open-loop performance of a MEMS reflective wavefront sensor

Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, David Wick, Christopher Wilcox, Ty Martinez

Proceedings Volume 6711, 67110E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.740322

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Microelectromechanical systems, Wavefront sensors, Actuators, Adaptive optics, Reflectivity, Deformable mirrors, Cameras, Telescopes, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2007 Paper

Comparing horizontal path Cn2 measurements over 0.6 km in the tropical littoral environment and in the desert

Mark Chang, Carlos Font, G. Charmaine Gilbreath, Eun Oh, Emi Distefano, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago

Proceedings Volume 6551, 65510I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.718257

KEYWORDS: Modulation, Turbulence, Environmental sensing, Optical testing, Receivers, Analytical research, Optical turbulence, Laser beam diagnostics, Transmitters, Bismuth

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2007 Paper

Testbed for the characterization of MEM devices using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Christopher Wilcox, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare, Ty Martinez, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6467, 64670B (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.703157

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric turbulence, Liquid crystals, Atmospheric propagation, Atmospheric optics, Earth's atmosphere

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2007 Paper

Active zoom imaging for operationally responsive space

Brett Bagwell, David Wick, William Cowan, Olga Blum Spahn, William Sweatt, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Don Payne, Robert Romeo

Proceedings Volume 6467, 64670D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.706820

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Active optics, Zoom lenses, Microelectromechanical systems, Imaging systems, Micromirrors, Actuators, Telescopes, Wavefronts, Space operations

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2007 Paper

MEMS based adaptive optics systems at the Naval Research Laboratory: an update

Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, J. Armstrong, Ty Martinez, Dave Mozurkewich, Don Payne, Christopher Wilcox

Proceedings Volume 6467, 646709 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.702851

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Microelectromechanical systems, Point spread functions, Analytical research, Interferometers, Wavefronts, Wavefront sensors, LCDs, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2007 Paper

MEMS reflective wavefront sensor

Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, David Wick, Christopher Wilcox, Ty Martinez, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6467, 64670A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.702890

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Microelectromechanical systems, Wavefront sensors, Deformable mirrors, Actuators, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Reflectivity, Collimation, Analytical research

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SPIE Press Book | 14 September 2006

Introduction to Image Stabilization

Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Telescopes, Mirrors, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Stars, Wavefront sensors, Observatories, Interferometers, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2006 Paper

Active optical zoom for space-based imaging

David Wick, Brett Bagwell, William Sweatt, Gary Peterson, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Don Payne, Robert Romeo

Proceedings Volume 6307, 63070A (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.696346

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Zoom lenses, Active optics, Disk lasers, Imaging systems, Optical components, Telescopes, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 5 September 2006 Paper

Liquid crystal based active optics

Brett Bagwell, David Wick, Robert Batchko, Justin Mansell, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, Don Payne, Jamie Harriman, Steve Serati, Gary Sharp, Jim Schwiegerling

Proceedings Volume 6289, 628908 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.694891

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Lenses, Active optics, Imaging systems, Spatial light modulators, Electrodes, Wavefronts, Molecules, Bandpass filters, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2006 Paper

A lightweight adaptive telescope

Scott Teare, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Sergio Restaino, Robert Romeo, Robert Martin, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6306, 630609 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.682103

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Space telescopes, Wavefronts, Wavefront sensors, Beam splitters, Collimation, Off axis mirrors, Carbon

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2006 Paper

Measuring a deformable mirror's surface while under physical vibrations

Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Erick Roura, Scott Teare, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6306, 630605 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.682104

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Wavefronts, Wavefront sensors, Deformable mirrors, Adaptive optics, Chemical elements, Reconstruction algorithms, Microelectromechanical systems, Cameras, Finite element methods

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2006 Paper

The 1.4 meter lightweight carbon fiber mount for the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer

Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, Scott Teare, Ty Martinez, Jim Clark, Josh Walton, Robert Romeo, Robert Martin

Proceedings Volume 6306, 63060R (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.682102

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Interferometers, Prototyping, Carbon, Mirrors, Optical instrument design, Electronics, Composites, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2006 Paper

Fast and low noise adaptive optics system for the correction of micro-aberrations of laser beam

S. Avino, E. Calloni, R. De Rosa, L. Di Fiore, L. Milano, S. Restaino, A. Tierno

Proceedings Volume 6342, 634229 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.692207

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Interferometers, Digital signal processing, Deformable mirrors, Actuators, Interference (communication), Transmission electron microscopy, Astronomy, High power lasers, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 29 June 2006 Paper

Characterization of the optical throughput performance of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI)

Xiaolei Zhang, J. Thomas Armstrong, James Clark, G. Charmaine Gilbreath, Robert Lucke, Sergio Restaino, David Mozurkewich, James Benson, Donald Hutter, Nat White, Henrique Schmitt, Joshua Walton

Proceedings Volume 6268, 62683V (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670001

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Spectroscopy, Interferometers, Ocean optics, Beam splitters, Geometrical optics, Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, Prototyping, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 23 June 2006 Paper

Characterization of the lightweight telescope developed for the NPOI

Jonathan Andrews, F. Ernesto Penado, Scott Broome, Christopher Wilcox, Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Scott Teare, Freddie Santiago

Proceedings Volume 6267, 62673Q (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672565

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Composites, Mirrors, Optics manufacturing, Prototyping, Interferometers, Carbon, Optical testing, Temperature metrology, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 8 June 2006 Paper

MEMs and LC for compact AO systems

Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Scott Teare, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6018, 601818 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.669377

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Proceedings Article | 8 June 2006 Paper

Dynamic aberration control testbed for the characterization of multiple wavefront sensors

Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, David Wick, Hai Xiao, Jim Schwiegerling

Proceedings Volume 6018, 60180R (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.669291

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Proceedings Article | 8 June 2006 Paper

Merging wavefront corrective elements for adaptive optics applications: experimental results

Christopher Wilcox, Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Sanjay Krishna, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6018, 601819 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.669379

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2006 Paper

Ultra-light weight telescope coupled with portable AO system for laser communications applications

Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Freddie Santiago, Robert Romeo, Robert Martin

Proceedings Volume 6105, 61050M (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.647279

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Laser communications, Telecommunications, Mirrors, Optics manufacturing, Computer aided design, Composites, Prototyping, Laser systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2006 Paper

USB-based controller for generic MEM device deformable mirrors

Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Christopher Wilcox, Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6113, 61130W (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.647255

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Mirrors, Analog electronics, Adaptive optics, Deformable mirrors, Control systems, Manufacturing, Commercial off the shelf technology, Actuators, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2006 Paper

MEMs based adaptive optics systems: the Naval Research Laboratory Program

Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Ty Martinez, Don Payne, Dave Wick, Christopher Wilcox

Proceedings Volume 6113, 61130E (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.649286

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Adaptive optics, Actuators, Mirrors, Imaging systems, Zoom lenses, Analytical research, Wavefronts, Atmospheric corrections

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2006 Paper

Frequency stability of combined wavefront corrective elements for adaptive optics

Christopher Wilcox, Jonathan Andrews, Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Scott Teare, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 6113, 61130F (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.647270

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Optical components, Wavefront sensors, Microelectromechanical systems, Wavefront compensation, Telescopes, Optical mounts

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Proceedings Article | 25 October 2005 Paper

Low altitude horizontal scintillation measurements of atmospheric turbulence over the sea: Experimental results

Freddie Santiago, Christopher Wilcox, Mark Chang, Carlos Font, Erick Roura, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 6014, 601413 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.630666

KEYWORDS: Scintillation, Wavefront sensors, Turbulence, Atmospheric turbulence, Receivers, CCD cameras, Transmitters, Near field optics, Atmospheric propagation, Atmospheric optics

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 October 2005

Experimental results of a MEMS-based adaptive optics system

Sergio Restaino, G. Charmaine Gilbreath, Don Payne, Jonathan Andrews

JM3, Vol. 4, Issue 04, 041504, (October 2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2120487

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Microelectromechanical systems, Wavefront sensors, Scintillation, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Cameras, Analytical research, Astronomy, Surveillance

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2005 Paper

Progress in laser propagation in a maritime environment at the Naval Research Laboratory

G. Gilbreath, W. Rabinovich, C. Moore, H. Burris, R. Mahon, K. Grant, P. Goetz, J. Murphy, M. Suite, M. Stell, M. Swingen, L. Wasiczko, S. Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, J. Andrews, W. Scharpf

Proceedings Volume 5892, 58921V (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.633390

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric propagation, Modulation, Free space, Retroreflectors, Sensors, Analytical research, Laser beam propagation, Free space optics, Eye, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2005 Paper

Optical testbed for comparative analysis of wavefront sensors

Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, David Wick, Hai Xiao, Jim Schwiegerling

Proceedings Volume 5892, 589221 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.649559

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Spatial light modulators, Optical testing, Wavefronts, Interferometers, Cameras, Analytical research, Deformable mirrors, Imaging systems, Liquid crystals

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2005 Paper

Characterization of computer I/O peripherals for use in adaptive optics

Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, Sergio Restaino, Christopher Wilcox, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 5892, 589222 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.649562

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Mirrors, Analog electronics, Actuators, Deformable mirrors, Computing systems, Optical design, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2005 Paper

Active optical zoom for laser communication

Ty Martinez, David Wick, Don Payne, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5793, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603693

KEYWORDS: Active optics, Zoom lenses, Telecommunications, Optical components, Imaging systems, Laser communications, Spatial light modulators, Laser systems engineering, Receivers, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2005 Paper

Use of MEMs for active and adaptive optics

S. Restaino, J. Andrews, C. Wilcox, D. Payne

Proceedings Volume 5798, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.605973

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Microelectromechanical systems, Wavefront sensors, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Mirrors, Cameras, Imaging systems, Scintillation, Clouds

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2005 Paper

Active optical zoom system

David Wick, Ty Martinez, Don Payne, William Sweatt, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5798, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603475

KEYWORDS: Zoom lenses, Active optics, Mirrors, Optical components, Imaging systems, Optical design, Spatial light modulators, Lenses, Liquid crystals, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2005 Paper

Large dynamic range wavefront control of micromachined deformable membrane mirrors

David Wick, Don Payne, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5798, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603526

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Micromachined deformable membrane mirrors, Imaging systems, Active optics, Michelson interferometers, Integrated optics, Zoom lenses, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 22 January 2005 Paper

MEMS adaptive optics system on multiple telescopes: experimental results

Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Christopher Wilcox, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 5717, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.593917

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Microelectromechanical systems, Wavefront sensors, Cameras, Imaging systems, Scintillation, Observatories, Clouds, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 22 January 2005 Paper

Mounting a deformable mirror onto a controllable tip/tilt platform

Christopher Wilcox, Sergio Restaino, Jonathan Andrews, Don Payne, Scott Teare

Proceedings Volume 5717, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.593926

KEYWORDS: Deformable mirrors, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Wavefronts, Atmospheric optics, Wavefront sensors, Optical components, Monochromatic aberrations, Spherical lenses, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 11 November 2004 Paper

Increased bandwidth liquid crystal MEMS adaptive optics system

David Dayton, Stephen Browne, John Gonglewski, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5572, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.565876

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Control systems, Electronics, Adaptive optics, Microelectromechanical systems, LCDs, Crystals, Satellites, Nonlinear control, Human-machine interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 25 October 2004 Paper

MEMS adaptive optics for high-resolution imaging of low Earth-orbit satellites

David Dayton, John Gonglewski, Sergio Restaino, Stephen Browne

Proceedings Volume 5490, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.547166

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Liquid crystals, Electrodes, Satellites, LCDs, Actuators, Satellite imaging, Wavefront sensors

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Optimal distributed prediction and estimation controller with application to adaptive optics and optical interferometry

Roberto Cristi, Sergio Restaino, Janet Le Blanc

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.548610

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Control systems, Space telescopes, Distortion, Control systems design, Linear filtering, Deformable mirrors, Mirrors, Optical interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Horizontal path propagation measurements over the sea

Mark Chang, Freddie Santiago, Carlos Font, Yaitza Luna, Erick Roura, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551993

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric propagation, Scintillation, Wavefronts, Ocean optics, Transmitters, Receivers, Atmospheric turbulence, Turbulence, Atmospheric modeling, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Marine environment optical propagation measurements

Mark Chang, Carlos Font, Freddie Santiago, Yaítza Luna, Erick Roura, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5550, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560079

KEYWORDS: Ocean optics, Scintillation, Atmospheric propagation, Wavefronts, Turbulence, Atmospheric modeling, Geometrical optics, Transmitters, Optical testing, Receivers

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Developing a portable NRL fast-frame-rate seeing monitor

Eun Oh, James Murphy, Jeffrey Baker, G. Charmaine Gilbreath, Robert Hindsley, David Mozurkewich, Sergio Restaino, Susan Fortenberry

Proceedings Volume 5550, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.562195

KEYWORDS: Stars, Telescopes, Image intensifiers, Charge-coupled devices, Cameras, Image processing, Calibration, Data analysis, MATLAB, Lenses

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Adaptive optics performance model for optical interferometry

David Mozurkewich, Sergio Restaino, G. Gilbreath

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552361

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Interferometers, Signal to noise ratio, Performance modeling, Stars, Interferometry, Optical interferometry, Servomechanisms, Visibility

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Use of two deformable mirrors AO system for an interferometric testbed

Sergio Restaino, David Wick, Ty Martinez, Don Payne, G. Gilbreath

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.548605

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Deformable mirrors, Wavefronts, Mirrors, Scintillation, Telescopes, Cameras, Space telescopes, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Fringe fitting for coherent integrations with the NPOI

Anders Jorgensen, David Mozurkewich, J. Armstrong, Robert Hindsley, Thomas Pauls, G. Gilbreath, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552279

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Calibration, Stars, Data modeling, Solids, Fringe analysis, Signal to noise ratio, Fourier transforms, Optical interferometry, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2004 Paper

Adaptive optics in gravitational wave interferometers

Saverio Avino, Fabrizio Barone, Enrico Calloni, Rosario De Rosa, Luciano Di Fiore, Leopoldo Milano, Sergio Restaino, Alessio Tierno

Proceedings Volume 5491, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552554

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Interferometers, Interferometry, Control systems, Sensors, Digital signal processing, Wavefront sensors, Deformable mirrors, Phase interferometry, Fabry–Perot interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 26 July 2004 Paper

Laser interferometric adaptive optics system as light source of the IDGW-3P interferometer

Saverio Avino, Fabrizio Barone, Enrico Calloni, Rosario De Rosa, Luciano Di Fiore, Leopoldo Milano, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5383, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537345

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Interferometers, Interferometry, Control systems, Digital signal processing, Laser optics, Light sources, Wavefront sensors, Photodiodes, Deformable mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2004 Paper

Interferometric adaptive optics system for laser beam noise control

Saverio Avino, Fabrizio Barone, Enrico Calloni, Rosario De Rosa, Luciano Di Fiore, Leopoldo Milano, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5333, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529438

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Interferometry, Control systems, Interferometers, Beam controllers, Digital signal processing, Wavefront sensors, Deformable mirrors, Phase interferometry, Safety

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Proceedings Article | 2 February 2004 Paper

Non-mechanical zoom system

Ty Martinez, David Wick, Don Payne, Jeffrey Baker, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 5234, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.510373

KEYWORDS: Zoom lenses, Spatial light modulators, Imaging systems, Active optics, Optical components, Lenses, Wavefronts, Liquid crystals, Analytical research, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 24 January 2004 Paper

Experimental results of a MEM-based adaptive optics system

Sergio Restaino, G. Gilbreath, Don Payne, Jonathan Andrews

Proceedings Volume 5348, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.532643

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Scintillation, Imaging systems, Cameras, Microelectromechanical systems, Reconstruction algorithms, Clouds, Analytical research

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2003

Analysis of the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1-m telescope using annular Zernike polynomials

Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare, Michael DiVittorio, G. Gilbreath, David Mozurkewich

OE, Vol. 42, Issue 09, (September 2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1598210

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Zernike polynomials, Wavefronts, Observatories, Monochromatic aberrations, Adaptive optics, Optical components, Error analysis, Analytical research, Optical aberrations

Proceedings Article | 30 April 2003 Paper

Liquid crystal technology for adaptive optics: an update

Sergio Restaino, Don Payne, Jeffrey Baker, Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare, G. Charmaine Gilbreath, David Dayton, John Gonglewski

Proceedings Volume 5003, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.498690

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, LCDs, Control systems, Deformable mirrors, Modulation, Refractive index, Reflectivity, Wavefront aberrations

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Proceedings Article | 20 March 2003 Paper

MEMS adaptive optics: field demonstration

David Dayton, John Gonglewski, Stephen Browne, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4884, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462442

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Electrodes, Control systems, LCDs, Beam controllers, Telescopes, Sensors, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 20 March 2003 Paper

Use and characterization of very large devices for adaptive optics

Sergio Restaino, Scott Teare, Jonathan Andrews, G. Charmaine Gilbreath

Proceedings Volume 4884, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462439

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Control systems, LCDs, Temperature metrology, Analytical research, Active optics, Remote sensing, Reliability

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2003 Paper

Results from a portable adaptive optics system on the 1-meter telescope at the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station

Sergio Restaino, G. Charmaine Gilbreath, Don Payne, Jeffrey Baker, Ty Martinez, Michael DiVittorio, David Mozurkewich, Jeffrey Friedman

Proceedings Volume 4838, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479725

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Observatories, Analytical research, Cameras, Imaging systems, Interferometry, Calibration, Interferometers, Wavefront sensors

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2003 Paper

Low-cost innovative telescope

Jeffrey Friedman, Jeffrey Baker, Sergio Restaino, Jim Payne, Raymond Desmarais, Galen Gisler, Don Payne, Ty Martinez

Proceedings Volume 4838, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469810

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Mirrors, Secondary tip-tilt mirrors, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Optical tracking, Geometrical optics, Interferometry, Optics manufacturing, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2003 Paper

MEMS adaptive optics: field demonstrations

John Gonglewski, David Dayton, Stephen Browne, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4839, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479631

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Liquid crystals, Control systems, Electrodes, Adaptive optics, LCDs, Wavefront sensors, Beam controllers, Telescopes, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 6 November 2002 Paper

Air Force Research Lababoratory MEMS and LCM adaptive optics testbed

David Dayton, John Gonglewski, Stephen Browne, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4825, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457851

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Liquid crystals, Control systems, Adaptive optics, Electrodes, LCDs, Beam controllers, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 6 November 2002 Paper

Active multimodal control of a floppy telescope structure

Jeffrey Baker, Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jeffrey Friedman

Proceedings Volume 4825, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451955

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Optical tracking, Ocean optics, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Analytical research, Structural dynamics, Control systems, Performance modeling, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 6 November 2002 Paper

Characterization of large-format LC devices for adaptive and active optics

Sergio Restaino, Ty Martinez, Jonathan Andrews, Scott Teare

Proceedings Volume 4825, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457853

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Wavefronts, Control systems, LCDs, Active optics, Deformable mirrors, Adaptive optics, Modulation, Refractive index, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 17 July 2002 Paper

Wide-field-of-view foveated imaging system using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

David Wick, Ty Martinez, Jeffrey Baker, Don Payne, Bradley Stone, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4715, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474470

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Spatial light modulators, Liquid crystals, Data transmission, Image compression, Eye, Spatial resolution, Surveillance, Adaptive optics, Unmanned vehicles

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2002 Paper

Acquisition, tracking, pointing, and line-of-sight control laboratory experiments for a space-based bifocal relay mirror

Michael Spencer, Brij Agrawal, Marcello Romano, Richard Brunson, James Dillow, Douglas Nelson, J. Connors, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4714, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472600

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Space operations, Relays, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Sensors, Control systems, Transmitters, Beam controllers, Acquisition tracking and pointing

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Proceedings Article | 25 June 2002 Paper

EAGLE: relay mirror technology development

Mary Hartman, Sergio Restaino, Jeffrey Baker, Don Payne, Jerry Bukley

Proceedings Volume 4724, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472368

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Relays, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Beam controllers, Space mirrors, Laser applications, Satellites, Space operations, Space based lasers

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 2002 Paper

New liquid crystal devices for adaptive optics

Sergio Restaino, Jeffrey Baker, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 4493, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.454726

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, LCDs, Deformable mirrors, Laser damage threshold, Wavefront sensors, Control systems, Refractive index, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 2002 Paper

Adaptive Optics correction of geometrical fluctuations of Virgo input laser beam: preliminary results

S. Avino, Fabrizio Barone, Jeffrey Baker, Enrico Calloni, Rosario De Rosa, Luciano DiFiore, Leopoldo Milano, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4493, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.454708

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Interference (communication), Wavefront sensors, Optical calibration, Error analysis, Mirrors, Monochromatic aberrations, Deformable mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 2002 Paper

Use of accelerometers to reduce dynamic range requirements in an adaptive optics system

Jeffrey Baker, Ty Martinez, Sergio Restaino, David Wick, Don Payne, Galen Gisler, Jeffrey Friedman

Proceedings Volume 4493, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.454714

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Optical tracking, Mirrors, Ocean optics, Atmospheric optics, Astronomical imaging, Astronomy, Mirror mounts, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 2002 Paper

Characterization and control of a novel micromachined membrane mirror for adaptive wavefront control

David Dayton, Justin Mansell, John Gonglewski, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4493, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.454717

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Deformable mirrors, Electrodes, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Silicon, Adaptive control, Control systems, Semiconducting wafers, Optical coatings

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Proceedings Article | 31 January 2001 Paper

Control of a multi-element dual-frequency liquid crystal device for adaptive optics wavefront correction

David Dayton, John Gonglewski, Sergio Restaino, Stephen Browne

Proceedings Volume 4167, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.413819

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Control systems, LCDs, Adaptive optics, Beam controllers, Multi-element lenses, Optical calibration, Wavefronts, Dielectric polarization, Laser resonators

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Proceedings Article | 31 January 2001 Paper

State of the art in liquid crystal technologies for wavefront compensation: an AFRL perspective

Sergio Restaino, Jeffrey Baker, David Dayton, Deborah Werling, Stephen Browne

Proceedings Volume 4167, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.413818

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Actinium, Modulation, Wavefront compensation, LCDs, Refractive index, Phase modulation

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Proceedings Article | 22 November 2000 Paper

Novel spatial light modulators for active and adaptive optics

David Dayton, Sergio Restaino, John Gonglewski

Proceedings Volume 4124, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.407490

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Liquid crystals, Control systems, Electrodes, Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Beam controllers, Sensors, LCDs, Actuators

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Proceedings Article | 31 October 2000 Paper

Image recovery from triple product data using maximum entropy

Bill Junor, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 4091, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.405790

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Image restoration, Interferometry, Spatial frequencies, Information technology, Telescopes, Atmospheric optics, Optical imaging, Image processing, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2000 Paper

Novel spatial light modulators for active and adaptive optics

David Dayton, Sergio Restaino, John Gonglewski

Proceedings Volume 4007, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.390333

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Electrodes, Control systems, Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Sensors, Cameras, Beam controllers, Wavefront sensors, LCDs

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2000 Paper

Experimental results from an adaptive optics system based on a dual frequency nematic device

Sergio Restaino, Jeffrey Baker, David Dayton, Lyle Finkner

Proceedings Volume 3955, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379982

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, LCDs, Modulation, Control systems, Refractive index, Dielectrics, Wavefront sensors, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2000 Paper

Novel spatial light modulators for active and adaptive optics

David Dayton, Sergio Restaino, John Gonglewski

Proceedings Volume 3951, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379370

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Electrodes, Control systems, Adaptive optics, Liquid crystals, Sensors, Cameras, Beam controllers, Wavefront sensors, Turbulence

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 1999 Paper

Dual-frequency nematic devices for wavefront control: preliminary results

Sergio Restaino, David Dayton, Jeffrey Baker

Proceedings Volume 3760, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.367600

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Liquid crystals, Control systems, LCDs, Modulation, Polarization, Adaptive optics, Reflectivity, Wavefront sensors, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 1999 Paper

Innovative low-cost adaptive optics programs: a new mind-set emerges

Jeffrey Baker, Jeffrey Friedman, Isabelle Percheron, Lyle Finkner, Sergio Restaino, Gary Loos

Proceedings Volume 3749, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.354995

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Photon counting, Wavefront sensors, Deformable mirrors, Control systems, Imaging systems, Interferometers, Analog electronics, Wavefronts, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 24 May 1999 Paper

Analog optical processing of moire deflectometry using Fourier techniques

Aaron Bernstein, Jean-Claude Diels, Sergio Restaino, Bill Junor

Proceedings Volume 3611, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349243

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Moire patterns, Deflectometry, Optical filters, Analog electronics, Sensors, Spatial frequencies, Diffraction gratings, Fringe analysis, Image filtering

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Proceedings Article | 26 March 1999 Paper

Liquid crystal technology for adaptive optics

Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 3635, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.343857

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Imaging systems, Wavefronts, Modulators, LCDs, Analog electronics, Point spread functions, Modulation, Phase modulation

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 1998 Paper

Adaptive optics on a shoe string

Sergio Restaino, Don Payne

Proceedings Volume 3494, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.332413

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Optical transfer functions, Adaptive optics, Imaging systems, Deconvolution, Spatial frequencies, Image restoration, Atmospheric optics, Signal processing, Atmospheric turbulence

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 1998 Paper

High-QE fast-readout wavefront sensor with analog phase reconstruction

Jeffrey Baker, Gary Loos, Sergio Restaino, Isabelle Percheron, Lyle Finkner

Proceedings Volume 3353, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.321705

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Analog electronics, CCD cameras, Cameras, Wavefronts, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Data acquisition, Charge-coupled devices

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Proceedings Article | 11 September 1998 Paper

Progress report of USAF Research Laboratory liquid crystal AO program

Sergio Restaino, Don Payne, Michael Anderson, Jeffrey Baker, Steven Serati, Gary Loos

Proceedings Volume 3353, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.321694

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Adaptive optics, Analytical research, Modulation, Analog electronics, Wavefront sensors, Modulators, Wavefronts, Point spread functions, Actinium

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

New University of Puerto Rico/Air Force Research Laboratory initiative in adaptive optics interferometry

Jeffrey Friedman, Gary Loos, Jeffrey Baker, Lyle Finkner, Darryl Sanchez, Isabelle Percheron, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 3350, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317095

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Interferometers, Optical fibers, Interferometry, Cameras, Astronomy, Observatories, Mirrors

Read Abstract +

The University ofPuerto Rico, Mayaguez, in conjunction with the Deep Space Surveillance Branch (DEBS) ofthe USAF Research Laboratory (AFRL) Phillips Site (PL) in Albuquerque, NM is initiating an Adaptive Optics (AO) Interferometry program. The program will begin with four projects. We currently have finding for a three element optical interferometer, described in this paper, using Technology developed at DEBS, for a new wavefront sensor and a Liquid Crystal (LC) wavefront compensator being presented at this meeting'9.and a Low Light Level Fringe Tracker (LLLFT)"6'1"24 Michelson: Interferometer. We are also developing a program to put a similarly configured inexpensive two-element interferometer test-bed in orbit. The interferometer would have optical elements on a 10-meter boom. It will use Aperture Synthesis by rotation and motion ofthe elements along the booms. The third project under development would incorporate the initial 3-element interferometer into a larger array with the additional collaboration ofNew Mexico Tech and New Mexico State University at a 10,600' site near Socorro, NM. As part ofthe ground based interferometry effort we are trying to develop inexpensive meter class telescopes. The 0.75meter telescopes we are building for our small interferometer will serve as prototypes and system test-beds. The telescopes will be robotic, remotely operable, essentially self-orienting, and portable. We hope to produce such systems for commercial distribution for approximately $250K each. All ofthe ground-based interferometric systems will be configured for remote operation and independent use ofsub-arrays while upgrades and repairs are underway. The major thrust ofthe UPR effort will be to develop inexpensive interferometers for diverse applications with the low light level capabilities and the LC adaptive optics developed at the Phillips Site. Particular applications will be for high-resolution astronomy and satellite imaging. The adaptive optics will be such that they can be placed on the individual telescopes and are not part ofthe interferometer. They will then serve as templates fbr AO systems ofgeneral interest. As an additional part ofall ofthese projects we will try to develop the use ofoptical fibers for several applications. We would like to couple the telescopes with fiber if we can develop an efficient way to couple the output signal from the telescope to the fibers. in addition we hope to use fiber stretchers for optical path compensation to replace expensive conventional optical delay lines. Key words; adaptive optics, interferometer, Liquid Crystal wavefront compensation

Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

Single-core and multicore single-mode optical fibers for optical interferometry

Sergio Restaino, Robert McBroom, Jeffrey Baker

Proceedings Volume 3350, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317170

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Telescopes, Prototyping, Single mode fibers, Optical interferometry, Polishing, Interferometry, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Surveillance

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Proceedings Article | 14 October 1996 Paper

Dual use of adaptive optics systems: astronomical observations at the Air Force Maui Optical Station (AMOS)

Carlo Morossi, Mariagrazia Franchini, Roberto Ragazzoni, Janet Fender, Sergio Restaino, John Africano, Daron Nishimoto, Theodore Kreifels, Paul Kervin

Proceedings Volume 2828, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.254179

KEYWORDS: Astronomy, Adaptive optics, Stars, Imaging systems, Copper indium disulfide, Cameras, Telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Optical filters, Defense and security

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 1996 Paper

Real-time aberration correction using phase diversity on the IBM SP2 parallel computer

Meledath Damodaran, Shane Bumpers, Richard Carreras, Gregory Tarr, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 2661, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.628710

KEYWORDS: Aberration correction

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Proceedings Article | 30 December 1994 Paper

Concurrent computation of Zernike coefficients used in a phase diversity algorithm for optical aberration correction

Richard Carreras, Gregory Tarr, Sergio Restaino, Gary Loos, Meledath Damodaran

Proceedings Volume 2315, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.196735

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Neural networks, Optical transfer functions, Error analysis, Wavefront sensors, Optimization (mathematics), Monochromatic aberrations, Zernike polynomials, Optical aberrations, Optical calibration

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 1994 Paper

Laboratory experiment using phase diversity to extract higher order Zernike coefficients

Richard Carreras, Sergio Restaino, Dennis Duneman

Proceedings Volume 2302, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188050

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Optical transfer functions, Computer simulations, Image restoration, Wavefront sensors, Image sensors, Glasses, Algorithm development, Image acquisition, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 1994 Paper

Phase diversity as an on-line wavefront sensor: experimental results

Elinor Gates, Sergio Restaino, Richard Carreras, Raymond Dymale, Gary Loos

Proceedings Volume 2302, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188051

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Computer simulations, Finite difference methods, Image restoration, Adaptive optics, Liquid crystals, Differential equations, Reconstruction algorithms, Interferometers, Stars

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 1994 Paper

New approach for a correlation tracker for imaging application

Sergio Restaino, Natalie Clark, Richard Radick

Proceedings Volume 2200, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177282

KEYWORDS: Optical correlators, Spatial light modulators, Optical tracking, Optical filters, Image filtering, Analog electronics, Fourier transforms, Computing systems, Sensors, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 1994 Paper

Synthetic images from simulations of long-baseline 2D optical interferometers

Robert Conley, Don Payne, Sergio Restaino, Gary Loos

Proceedings Volume 2200, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177267

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Fourier transforms, Telescopes, Optical transfer functions, Deconvolution, Synthetic apertures, Astronomy, Receivers, Spatial frequencies, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 1994 Paper

Use of electro-optical devices for optical path-length (OPL) compensation

Sergio Restaino, Elinor Gates, Richard Carreras, Raymond Dymale, Gary Loos

Proceedings Volume 2200, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177265

KEYWORDS: LCDs, Video, Projection systems, Cameras, Electro optics, Liquid crystals, Phase shift keying, Thin films, Wavefront distortions, Optical transfer functions

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 1994 Paper

Wavefront control using a 64x64-pixel liquid crystal array

Gordon Love, Sergio Restaino, Gary Loos, Alan Purvis

Proceedings Volume 2201, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.176048

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Astronomy, Mirrors, Modulation, Electronics, Active optics, Optical testing, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 9 November 1993 Paper

Image deconvolution from pupil-masking experiment

Sergio Restaino, Robert Conley, Gary Loos, Richard Radick

Proceedings Volume 2029, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.162017

KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, Image restoration, Deconvolution, Image deconvolution, Point spread functions, Digital imaging, Filtering (signal processing), Interferometry, Synthetic apertures, Image enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 9 November 1993 Paper

Low-light-level adaptive optics for a two-telescope interferometer scheme

David Tyler, Gerard Rousset, Sergio Restaino, Gary Loos

Proceedings Volume 2029, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.162016

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Adaptive optics, Signal detection, Interferometers, Wavefront sensors, Sensors, Interference (communication), Error analysis, Image restoration, Computer simulations

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 1 December 1990 Paper

Bidimensional spectroscopy with a Universal Birefringent Filter and a Fabry-Perot

Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 1318, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22085

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Spectroscopes, Optical spectroscopy, Optical components, Spectroscopy, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Fabry–Perot interferometry, Spectral resolution, Solar processes, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 1990 Paper

New technology mirror coronagraph with extended applications

Raymond Smartt, Serge Koutchmy, Stephen Colley, R. Caron, Rainer Schwenn, Sergio Restaino

Proceedings Volume 1236, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.19200

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Mirrors, Objectives, Light scattering, Polarization, Solar processes, Prototyping, Magnetism, Scattering, Optical telescopes

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Showing 5 of 156 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (2)

SPIE Conference Volume | 26 September 2012

Adaptive X-Ray Optics II

SPIE Conference Volume | 23 August 2010

Adaptive X-Ray Optics

Conference Committee Involvement (43)

Unconventional and Indirect Imaging, Image Reconstruction, and Wavefront Sensing 2019

14 August 2019 | San Diego, California, United States

Unconventional and Indirect Imaging, Image Reconstruction, and Wavefront Sensing 2018

22 August 2018 | San Diego, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

13 September 2017 | Warsaw, Poland

XI International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine

6 September 2017 | Arlington, United States

Unconventional and Indirect Imaging, Image Reconstruction, and Wavefront Sensing 2017

9 August 2017 | San Diego, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

28 September 2016 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XII

31 August 2016 | San Diego, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

22 September 2015 | Toulouse, France

Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing XI

13 August 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

22 September 2014 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing X

21 August 2014 | San Diego, California, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics VIII

2 February 2014 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVI

23 September 2013 | Dresden, Germany

Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing IX

26 August 2013 | San Diego, California, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics VII

5 February 2013 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

25 September 2012 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Adaptive X-Ray Optics II

14 August 2012 | San Diego, California, United States

Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing VIII

13 August 2012 | San Diego, California, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics VI

25 January 2012 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

20 September 2011 | Prague, Czech Republic

Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing VII

21 August 2011 | San Diego, California, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics V

27 January 2011 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

20 September 2010 | Toulouse, France

Adaptive X-Ray Optics

3 August 2010 | San Diego, California, United States

Unconventional Imaging VI

1 August 2010 | San Diego, California, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics IV

27 January 2010 | San Francisco, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XII

2 September 2009 | Berlin, Germany

Atmospheric Propagation VI

14 April 2009 | Orlando, Florida, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics III

27 January 2009 | San Jose, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XI

17 September 2008 | Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom

Atmospheric Propagation V

18 March 2008 | Orlando, Florida, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics II

22 January 2008 | San Jose, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems

17 September 2007 | Florence, Italy

7th Annual Mirror Technology Days in the Government

31 July 2007 | Albuquerque, United States

Atmospheric Propagation IV

11 April 2007 | Orlando, Florida, United States

MEMS Adaptive Optics

24 January 2007 | San Jose, California, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems IX

11 September 2006 | Stockholm, Sweden

Atmospheric Propagation III

20 April 2006 | Orlando (Kissimmee), Florida, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems VIII

21 September 2005 | Bruges, Belgium

Atmospheric Propagation II

29 March 2005 | Orlando, Florida, United States

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems VII

13 September 2004 | Maspalomas, Canary Islands, Spain

Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems VI

10 September 2003 | Barcelona, Spain

Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications

6 August 2003 | San Diego, California, United States

Showing 5 of 43 Conference Committees

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